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争鸣:批捕权改革是否会成真?

2017-05-13 08:03:38   

对于检察院来说,今年真是个多事之秋,尽管最高检重点打造的《人民的名义》大红大紫,检察院出尽风头,走路都更有底气了。但尴尬的是,电视剧中重点描绘的反贪局即将全面转隶到监察委,反贪职权将完全从检察院剥离。

没有最尴尬只有更尴尬,日前,又传来惊天消息,检察院的批捕权即将移交给法院,只保留公诉及诉讼监督等有限职权。呜呼哀哉,好好的检察院就这么拆了,不是说好最该拆的是没啥正事的司法局吗。

关于逮捕权的移交,又被网民骂成“不做调研,不联系实际的瞎改革”,其中两种声音异常明显,一种代表检察院,真的不想交啊,一种代表法院,真特么不想要啊。两种声音都好理解,对于前者,谁想自己的单位被拆分呢,特别是批捕对检察院至关重要,它和反贪一样,是实实在在的权力,可以做出实体评价,进而限制人身自由,多牛逼啊,在检察院,除了反贪,就数批捕的寻租空间最大;对于后者,俺们司法民工不想要权力,也没那胆儿寻租,俺只想安安心心做好手头的活,不想平白无故多出那么一摊子事,求放过。

然而,中国的逮捕制度自设计之初就早已误入歧途,并不符合成熟司法制度的设计规则,改革是迟早的事,只是大部分人都安于现状,不愿改变,甚至是不敢改变。

一、我国的逮捕概念太别具一格

逮捕的本意就是捕捉、捉拿,也就是英文中的arrest,但是我国刑事诉讼法中的逮捕并无抓捕的本意,变成了确认继续羁押的一种强制措施。也就是说,我们法律意义上的“逮捕”,并非汉语中正常理解的“逮捕”,变成了一个重新定义的词,相当别具一格。我们又一次为了走有中国特色的道路,放弃旁边早就建好了的桥,而要回到河边摸着石头过河。

无论是美国还是英国,逮捕都是一个非常宽泛的概念,可以由警察决定,也可以由检察官或法官决定,甚至紧急情况下,普通公民都可以强行押送至警察局,这些行为都被视为逮捕。逮捕只是一种使嫌疑人强制到案的措施,使一个被指控犯罪之人置于警察或司法羁押状态的行为,是短时间的人身监禁,只要嫌疑人到案了,逮捕程序也就结束了。

在逮捕后的短时间内,警察和检察官必须将嫌疑人的相关材料移送至有管辖权的法院,准确的说是已送给专门负责预审的治安法官,如果是轻罪案件,治安法官直接书面审理,并确定正式开庭的日期;如果是重罪案件,治安法官还要传嫌疑人出庭进行预审听证,告知权利和义务,并决定是否立即羁押至正式庭审时。

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