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两高联合出台司法解释 筑起个人信息安全防火墙

2017-05-10 08:14:57   国际在线

5月9日上午10时,最高人民法院召开关于《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的新闻发布会。最高人民法院新闻发言人林文学主持新闻发布会,最高人民法院研究室主任颜茂昆通报了相关情况,最高人民法院研究室主任颜茂昆、最高人民检察院法律政策研究室副主任缐杰、公安部网络技术研发中心主任许剑卓回答了记者提问。

一、《解释》的制定背景

随着信息化建设的推进,信息资源成为重要的生产要素和社会财富。与此同时,个人信息泄露问题严重,个人信息安全成为一个全社会高度关注的问题。为保护公民个人信息,2009年2月28日起施行的《刑法修正案(七)》增设了刑法第二百五十三条之一,规定了出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪和非法获取公民个人信息罪。《刑法修正案(七)》施行后,从2009年2月至2015年10月,全国法院共审结出售、非法提供公民个人信息、非法获取公民个人信息刑事案件969起,生效判决人数1415人。

近年来,侵犯公民个人信息犯罪仍处于高发态势,而且与电信网络诈骗、敲诈勒索、绑架等犯罪呈合流态势,社会危害更加严重。为加大对公民个人信息的保护力度,2015年11月1日起施行的《刑法修正案(九)》对刑法第二百五十三条之一作出修改完善:一是扩大犯罪主体的范围,规定任何单位和个人违反国家有关规定,获取、出售或者提供公民个人信息,情节严重的,都构成犯罪;二是明确规定将在履行职责或者提供服务过程中获得的公民个人信息,出售或者提供给他人的,从重处罚;三是加重法定刑,增加规定“情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金”。修改后,“出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪”和“非法获取公民个人信息罪”被整合为“侵犯公民个人信息罪”。《刑法修正案(九)》施行以来,各级公检法机关依据修改后的刑法规定,严肃惩处侵犯公民个人信息犯罪,案件数量显著增长。2015年11月至2016年12月,全国法院新收侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件495件,审结464件,生效判决人数697人。

在查办案件过程中,有意见反映,侵犯公民个人信息罪的定罪量刑标准较为原则,不易把握;另有一些法律适用问题存在认识分歧,影响了案件办理。鉴此,为保障法律正确、统一适用,依法严厉惩治、有效防范侵犯公民个人信息犯罪,最高人民法院会同最高人民检察院,在公安部等有关部门的大力支持下,经深入调查研究、广泛征求意见、反复论证完善,制定了本《解释》。

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