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两高将降低侵犯个人信息入罪门槛 强化司法保护

2017-05-10 08:14:16   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 吴倩):去年山东准大学生徐玉玉因个人信息泄露被骗走全部学费后不幸离世,这一事件引发全社会对个人信息安全问题的高度关注。9日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合发布司法解释,进一步明确办理侵犯公民个人信息刑事案件适用法律问题,大大降低入罪门槛,非法获取、出售或者提供行踪轨迹、财产等公民个人敏感信息50条以上,或违法所得达5000元,将处以三年以下有期徒刑或拘役。

公民的哪些个人信息不容侵犯?两高此次出台的司法解释首先明确,姓名、身份证件号码、通信通讯联系方式、住址、账号密码、财产状况、行踪轨迹等都是法定“公民个人信息”。最高人民法院研究室主任颜茂昆表示,这一规定是基于全面保护公民个人信息的现实需要:“公民个人信息的类型繁多,行踪轨迹信息、通信内容、征信信息、财产信息、住宿信息、交易信息等公民个人敏感信息涉及人身安全和财产安全,被非法获取、出售或者提供后极易引发绑架、诈骗、敲诈勒索等关联犯罪。《解释》第一条规定‘公民个人信息’包括身份识别信息和活动情况信息,也就是指以电子或者其他方式记录的能够单独或者与其他信息结合识别特定自然人身份或者反映特定自然人活动情况的各种信息。”

根据这份司法解释,违反国家有关规定,通过购买、收受、交换等方式获取公民个人信息的,或在履行职责、提供服务过程中收集公民个人信息的,都属于“非法获取公民个人信息”的认定标准。颜茂昆表示,对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪,《解释》遵循了从严惩处的精神:“一是从严设置定罪量刑标准,按照信息的类型、数量、用途、主体等,设定了不同的入罪标准。对于一些敏感信息,比如行踪信息,财产信息,通话内容等,入罪标准设定为50条。对于其他信息,按照信息的重要程度,分别设置了500条、5000条的入罪标准。二是对内部人员侵犯公民个人信息犯罪从严惩处,从重处罚,定罪量刑标准比一般人更低。比如金融、电信、医疗等部门的人员提供公民个人敏感信息减半,25条即入罪。”

同时,司法解释还规定,违法所得5000元以上,属法定“情节严重”情形,适用“处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役”量刑档次,达到50000元以上则属“情节特别严重”,适用“处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑”量刑档次。

公民个人信息数量是侵犯公民个人信息案件定罪量刑的一个重要依据。从司法实践情况来看,公民个人信息泄露常常是数万条,几十万条,也有的是以兆计算,数量非常庞大。怎样科学合理的确定信息数量呢?这一司法解释明确了有关计算规则。最高人民检察院法律政策研究室副主任缐杰表示,司法实践中重点把握“什么是一条信息”、“不重复计算”与“重复计算”等内容。缐杰说:“对同一条信息当中涉及公民个人信息有多项内容的,比如家庭住址、电话号码、身份证号码等等,这样的信息无论是司法机关还是大众都普遍认为是一条信息,对此基本没有什么异议。不重复计算是指对非法获取以后又提供,或者是出售给同一人的,这种情况下我们认为不能重复计算。重复计算的情况是将非法获取的公民个人信息出售或者提供给不同的人。”

2016年起,中国公安机关开展为期两年的打击侵犯公民个人信息专项行动。中国公安部网络技术研发中心主任许剑卓表示,司法解释的出台对打击侵犯公民个人信息的源头提供了法律依据。许剑卓说:“过去一年,全国公安机关共侦破网络侵犯公民个人信息案件数量是2100多起,查获公民个人信息500多亿条,抓获的犯罪嫌疑人5000多人,其中属于各行业内部的人员450多人。造成危害最大的就是各个行业内部的人员泄露公民个人信息,在这次司法解释出台之后,对行业内部人员泄露信息降低了入罪门槛,为我们更好打击这类犯罪提供了法律基础。所以下一步我们重点的举措是对于任何侵犯公民个人信息的案件,都要追查源头,深挖行业内鬼。”

据了解,两高此次出台的司法解释将于2017年6月1日起正式施行。

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