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科技利剑缚“气龙” 撬动涪陵大宝藏

2017-05-05 08:16:18   新华网

新华网北京5月3日电(孙广见) 重庆涪陵曾因是榨菜的发源地和集中产地,被誉为中国的榨菜之乡,闻名中外。如今,涪陵因页岩气田进入大规模商业化开发阶段,且累计供应超100亿方,又一次被推到了聚光灯下。

近日,新华网随由中央网信办、国务院国资委、中国石化主办的“走进新国企·探秘清洁能源之旅”活动,来到了我国首个、全球除北美之外最大的页岩气田中国石化江汉油田涪陵页岩气田,近距离接触这座巍巍群山下的“蓝金”宝藏,探寻页岩气开采的全部流程。

致力低成本的“掘金”之路

近年来,美国页岩气产业快速发展,大大提高了本国能源自给率,改变了美国能源消费结构,降低了能源的对外依赖。受此影响,我国页岩气的开发步伐也明显加快。

我国页岩气分布领域广,资源丰富,但与北美相比,保存条件和埋深都存在着较大的差异。中国石化江汉油田副总经理兼涪陵页岩气公司总经理胡德高介绍,美国页岩气田多分布在平原地区,埋藏深度在地下2000米以内,大部分处于地质构造简单的平原地区,而中国页岩气多存在于3000米至4000米的山地、戈壁、丘陵地带,且气藏断裂带多、构造复杂,开采难度大。

图为中石化涪陵页岩气田乌江之畔双钻机

如果页岩气能得以大规模开发,对缓解我国天然气紧张局面、降低天然气对外依存度的意义十分重大。为此,中国石化将涪陵页岩气开发重任,交给油气勘探开发历史悠久、产业链长的江汉油田,他们组织相关参建单位,通过日夜奋战、攻坚啃硬,攻克了长水平钻井、分段压裂等世界性难题,掌握了页岩气开采的核心性技术,形成了适合涪陵3500米以浅页岩储层的页岩气藏综合评价、水平井优快钻井、长水平井分段压裂试气、试采开发和绿色开发为主的五大技术系列和近百项技术标准,成功解决了涪陵地表、地质条件远比北美复杂的难题。

据江汉油田涪陵页岩气公司技术中心主任王振兴介绍,开采过程中,分段压裂技术的应用尤为关键。在几乎“密不透风”的页岩中,页岩气极难流通,必须通过外力将大体量压裂液压注进钻井,挤压井壁四周岩体使其碎裂,夹带在压裂液中的细砂进入裂缝,支撑起一条条四通八达的通道,让页岩气释出。

值得一提的是,中石化自主研发的3000型压裂车,能够适应页岩气井长时间、大排量、大液体的压裂施工需求,让地层充分形成网状裂缝,达到了世界压裂装备领先水准。

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