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“假”体检?体检正常没多久却查出癌症

2017-04-24 02:50:55   

白领小朱疑惑地说,“公司同事前段时间都接受了一年一度的公司体检福利,胸片和B超检查也都做了,当时说各项指标没啥异常。结果没过多久,就有位同事被查出患癌,竟然还是中晚期!”周围同事唏嘘的同时心生疑问:“难道我们做了‘假体检’?

究竟选择哪些体检项目,才能揪出癌症早期病变的‘蛛丝马迹’?”上海市抗癌协会理事长、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院副院长叶定伟认为,体检项目要做好“加减法”。

  体检项目不可能“一招鲜”

叶定伟表示,正是癌症“隐匿性”的特点,即便接受年度一般性常规体检,也难免会发生漏诊、误诊。事实上,血液检查、影像检查、体格检查都有自身的优势和“盲区”,即便是全身影像检查,也不可能查出体内隐藏的所有“癌症信号”。

我们不能因为身边发生的漏诊个案来质疑体检的价值,事实上体检对于捕捉身体异常信号、及时治疗干预具有积极作用。但同时我们也应清醒地认识到,体检项目不可能“一招鲜”,仅仅依靠一个或几个体检项目便能轻易发现“癌信号”也是过于理想化。

  依据内因诱因选“癌体检”项目

肿瘤的发生具有遗传的内因和外界的诱因,这也就给我们普通人选择“癌体检”项目提供了向导。如今的体检“菜单”可根据个人需求做一些“加减法”。

首先,筛查那些家族性遗传肿瘤。在肿瘤发生的高危因素中,直系家族遗传是重要致病因素。建议那些有大肠癌家族史的患者,年龄大于40岁之后应每年坚持做一次肠镜,第一时间把它消灭在萌芽里。

在筛查项目中,对那些有较强特异性的肿瘤标志物,民众选择时应因人而异。比如,50岁以上的中老年男性就应该筛查前列腺肿瘤。

再者,筛查那些生活饮食习惯导致的癌症。众所周知,吸烟易致肺癌;大鱼大肉易致胰腺癌、肠癌;过烫饮食易致食道癌;幽门螺旋杆菌易发生胃癌。这些有明显外界诱因的肿瘤,都给我们选择对应的筛查项目提供了重要参考。民众可和体检医生沟通,有选择性地进行低剂量螺旋CT及肠胃镜等检查。

  体检项目需“因症选择”

有的肿瘤诸如食道癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌会不同程度出现咽食困难、血尿、乳头溢液、咳血等癌症信号,但更多的肿瘤比如肾癌、胰腺癌、胃癌则信号并不明显,会出现与常见慢性胃肠疾病相似的症状。

这种不典型症状,让民众往往只关注于表面病症的治疗,殊不知有更具威胁的“定时炸弹”已潜伏在体内。通常,肾癌伴发的高血压可能是由于肿瘤分泌“肾素”、肿瘤压迫血管,导致血压升高。此外,长期上腹部饱胀不适,上腹隐痛及腰背酸痛、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、消瘦、乏力、中年突发糖尿病等,极有可能是胰腺癌或胃癌在体内“捣鬼”。

建议这些民众,长期出现类似症状之后,要第一时间去肿瘤专科医院诊治,而不要在内科、消化科、骨科“兜兜转转”一大圈,最后错过了身体给你发出的早期“癌症信号”,错过了首次根治的机会。

  体检结果更需理性看待

目前,结节、钙化、息肉等癌症体检报告中的高频词常常让人恐惧。其实,结节、钙化和息肉都不能和癌症划等号,倘若你的报告单上出现这些字眼,应理性看待,可通过医师问诊排除疑惑,或通过进一步的穿刺、超声内镜检查确诊后再做决定,莫轻视,更别恐慌。 澎湃

原标题:体检正常 没多久却查出癌症

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