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秋季脱发门诊患者倍增 专家:每天掉发100根属正常

2017-10-12 11:16:53   

秋季脱发门诊患者倍增,专家表示

每天掉发100根以内都属正常

随着秋意渐浓,不少人发现自己的头发开始掉了,甚至“满地都是”,这是正常规律还是身体异常了呢?记者在沈阳市第七人民医院皮肤科看到,有不少人因为“头发掉得吓人,一划拉一把!”前来就诊。

专家称,随着秋季气温降低,头发生长速度变慢,而且由于气候干燥多风,容易起静电,导致发质结构遭到破坏,头发就会变得干燥,出现分岔甚至掉发。掉发不用恐慌,每天掉70—100根属正常。

头皮也需要冷静和放松

“最近一段时间,因掉发来医院就诊的患者有所增加。”沈阳市第七人民医院主任医师、脱发中心研究人员黄萍称,秋季更易脱发,这是因为当夏秋季节更替之时,毛囊因受夏季紫外线照射及高温的影响,受到一定的伤害,加上气温有所下降,且环境湿度小,头皮上毛囊收缩加快,营养不足或严重受伤害的毛囊会萎缩,造成头发越来越少,甚至引起脱发。

“有些人感觉秋季更易掉发,但这并不一定是病态。”黄萍称,造成脱发的病因有很多,包括自身免疫和遗传因素,理化因素如烫发染发,一些内分泌因素如甲状腺功能异常,以及感染性因素等等。另外,精神焦虑紧张也是脱发的诱因之一,“在追问病史的时候,一部分人会有焦虑、紧张、睡眠不好的情况,精神紧张可让头部的毛细血管收缩,影响头皮对营养的吸收。其实头皮也需要冷静和放松。”黄萍分析说,如果你的头发一直都很好,但是突然就有大量掉头发的现象,然后回想下最近是有否压力过大、熬夜过多的情形,如果有的话,你的脱发可能就来自这些无形的压力,和其他类型的脱发相比,精神压力造成的脱发想恢复也不难,只要注意放松心情、多加保养就可以慢慢逆转。

“满地都是”不是衡量脱发的标准

黄萍介绍说,头发的生长并不是连续不停的,而是周期性的。头发从毛囊长出到掉落大致分为三个阶段,即生长期、休止期、掉落期。生长期大约2—6年,有的人长达25年,在此期间毛母质细胞分裂旺盛,头发不断增长;继之进入休止期,大约是2~3个月,此时头发既不增长,也不掉落;最后为掉落期,头发自行掉落。此后又进入生长期,周而复始。

“每当我们洗发、梳头时,就会有一些头发脱落,可能到了秋季这种现象更加明显,很多人一发现自己掉发就非常紧张,其实这大可不必。”黄萍称,有的患者向医生描述掉发经历时特别恐慌,“他们常这样说,地板上一划拉都是头发,一把一把的;枕头上都是头发,可吓人了。“我告诉他们,衡量是否为脱发,不如数一数你到底掉了多少根头发,每人每天掉发量在70至100根都是正常的,属于正常脱发,同时也有等量的头发再生,如每天掉发量超过100根且持续两三个月,或者明显出现秃斑、断发、头发明显变稀疏等症状,则考虑是病态反应,需要治疗。”

预防脱发一定不要天天洗头

黄萍表示,精神压抑,工作紧张,焦虑不安会导致脱发。预防脱发首先要精神放松,保持心情舒畅,学会自我舒缓。缓解精神压力。保证充足的睡眠,戒烟忌酒,作息规律。

在饮食上少吃油腻、辛辣和过甜的食物,不喝浓咖啡,多吃蔬菜、水果,营养要均衡全面。多选择有益于头发生长的食物,如大豆、黑豆、黑芝麻、菠菜等。生活要规律,注意劳逸结合,保证足够的睡眠,加强锻炼,提高机体的免疫力。

注意日常的头发护理。特别要注意不要每天洗头,最好3—4天洗一次。同时,选用性质温和的洗发用品,避免使用有特殊功效的洗发用品。

常按摩头皮。每天睡前和起床后,双手十指插入发内,从前额顶到后脑揉搓头皮,每次5分钟,长期坚持可改善头皮营养,调节皮脂分泌,促进头皮血液循环。

尽量不要染发和烫发,因为烫发时使用的药水可能会对头发根部毛囊的生长产生不利影响,加剧脱发的速度。尤其是有脱发家族史的人,更要在年轻时就积极预防。

沈阳日报、沈报融媒记者 樊华

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