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国产装备不应遭“排内”

2017-09-22 13:52:23   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京9月22日讯 (记者 李佳霖)近年来,我国装备制造与国外先进水平的差距逐步缩小,一些领域已达到甚至超过世界先进水平。但是国产装备在市场竞争中往往处于不公平竞争窘境,甚至遭受盲目“排内”待遇,造成非常严重的“有而不用”、推广应用难问题,必须引起足够的重视。

装备制造企业普遍反映,在政府、企业等项目招投标过程中,往往出现“国外品牌中标”结果,招标要求中有相对严格的应用案例条款,甚至招标人出于安全等考虑的免责意识,直接要求使用国外品牌,事实上形成了“排内”现象。购买技术指标与国内产品相同而价格高的外国品牌,让国家花了冤枉钱,更使国产装备基本被排斥在重大工程项目之外,难与国外同类品牌同台竞技。盲目“排内”成就了外国装备盛宴。

而企业各层级自身观念保守也是导致“排内”的重要因素。因为目前多数企业家创业之初面临的情形是国产装备设备与国外动辄差距几代甚至百年,更多的装备则是人有我无,从而形成了不信任国产品牌的思维。

此外,一个不可忽视的事实是,制造企业一旦选择装备供应商就有长期合作的倾向,因为改变装备供应商,意味着更换操作工人、技术人员、配套设备等将付出高昂的额外成本。目前我国的大中型制造企业,其装备配套已经大多被外国品牌占领,在转型升级换装智能装备过程中,自然倾向于使用国外同类品牌的智能制造解决方案。

为此,要破解国产装备“排内”难题,应增强国产装备使用企业获得感。研究制定政策,对优先采购、持续使用国产装备的企业进行多种层面的奖励,对发现问题并协助改进的个人给予奖励。在国有企业考核标准中增加核心装备和重要配套装备的国产化率指标,对消化吸收并完成模仿先进设备、自主开发或改进国产设备的个人和团队给予物质、荣誉奖励并在各种考评、奖励和晋升中予以倾斜。对带头使用国产装备的民营企业,给予企业负责人及项目带头人荣誉称号和物质奖励,在各类荣誉及类似社会性评选中加分。

政府引导理顺装备供给链。相关部门要组织产业链上下游优质企业形成产品应用“一条龙”,加速国产装备应用。在重要产业部门优先使用已经评审证明安全稳定可靠的国产装备,并根据使用企业的要求,由政府牵头整合科技研发、装备制造、设备配套、装备使用和产品消费等各方,对存在的问题进行联合攻关,突破工程控制系统等短板问题,理顺装备供应链。促进装备供求双方形成长期共赢的战略合作,最大程度减少谈判、交易成本。装备供应商定期派出技术人员驻厂进行信息与故障情况升级、维护保养和技术服务,形成装备全生命周期服务的长期协作关系。

应为企业提供权威市场信息。解决有效信息供给不足问题是政府部门的责任。“买贵不买好,买外不买内”是一些企业在缺乏市场信息认知能力的情况下做出的妥协,目的是“贵的不会太差”和“外国的不会出大问题”。政府应担负起提供权威市场信息的公共责任,将经过验证的智能化装备信息如加工精度、可靠性等提供给制造企业;还应汇总并检验各类智能装备的配套设施解决方案信息,一站式解决企业转型升级面临的需求难题。

此外,不但要彻底清除现有对国内装备应用的歧视性政策,引导企业改革考核绩效评价方式,还要建立先进设备引进补贴目录定期调整机制,一旦国内同水平装备通过检验审查,引进同类国外装备不再享受财政补贴。同时,赋予专业人士更大的装备采购决策话语权,对因采购使用国产装备节约成本的,可予以适当奖励。

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