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中国首部核能产业发展蓝皮书将发布

2017-09-21 10:47:30   中国经济网

由国际清洁能源论坛(澳门)主编的《中国核能产业发展蓝皮书》将于今年12月12至14日在澳门举行的第六届国际清洁能源论坛上正式发布。蓝皮书以"立足中国,面向世界,尊重科学,追求真理"为指导方针,旨在为我国政府决策部门在中国构建一个科学合理布局、可持续发展的能源体系以及制定核能产业发展政策提供前瞻性建议和参考依据。与此同时,通过对核电整个产业链的经济技术分析和生态环境影响评价,展望未来的技术创新趋势和市场发展前景,对科研机构和企业具有一定的战略指导和借鉴意义。蓝皮书由1个总报告和12篇独立研究报告组成,涵盖全球所有既有核电和拟建核电的国家和地区。

蓝皮书称,发展核电是中国绿色低碳能源体系建设的重要组成部分,核电在中国可以大规模代替煤炭,为电网提供稳定可靠的电力支撑。2016年全球核电发电量增长1.4%,主要原因是中国增长了23%。2016年全球共有10个机组投运,其中一半在中国,印度、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、韩国、美国各1个。2017年上半年有2个机组并网发电,中国和巴基斯坦各占1个。多年来,在严格的核安全监管下,中国核电机组一直保持良好的安全运行记录,各项运行指标处于全球中值以上水平,电厂周围环境空气吸收剂量率保持在本底辐射水平正常涨落范围之内,安全风险可控。但如何夯实核安全文化基础,如何获得核电社会公众认同,如何审慎评估内陆核电厂环境安全问题仍是今后我国核电产业发展所面临的新课题。当前中国核电发展正处在一个重要的战略机遇期,发展核科技、建设核人才队伍、加强先进核电技术研发是核电可持续发展的基础。中国作为全球在建核电机组数量和机型最多的国家,既有成熟的"二代加"机型(CPR1000/CP1000、VVER1000),也包括了先进的第三代压水堆(AP1000、EPR、华龙一号)及具有固有安全性的高温气冷堆(HTR-PM)。中国正在研发的小型反应堆,包括中核集团的ACP100、广核集团的ACPR 50S、清华大学的NHR200-II等得到了世界各国的关注。中国已经形成一条完整的核电产业链,具备了核电所需关键核级锻件和原材料的生产能力,批量化制造核电主设备的能力,为促进核电规模化发展和 "走出去"提供了有力的支撑。但核燃料循环仍是中国核能产业发展的薄弱环节,我国采取"热堆-快堆-聚变堆三步走"发展战略,并实行核燃料闭式循环政策。2020年,我国核电站乏燃料产生量将达到7000吨,2030年将达到26000吨,目前正在全力开发事故容错核燃料、环形燃料等新型核燃料技术研发。2016年美国、法国、中国、俄罗斯和韩国五大国核电发电量占全球的70%,其中美国和法国占全球核能发电的48%。预计到2030年中国核电装机容量将达到1.2亿千瓦,年发电量8400亿千瓦时以上,有望超过美法两大核电强国。(王安勤)

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