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【迎接党的十九大】中欧班列(重庆): 连接全球市场的中欧班列

2017-09-21 05:47:02   中国经济网

“在德国西部城市杜伊斯堡的DIT货运场站,起重车搬运中欧班列集装箱。 新华社记者 单宇琦摄

“渝新欧”,一条原本用于将当地代工笔记本电脑运往欧洲的铁路大通道,如今已成为重庆连接全球市场、打造西部开放高地的新载体,以至于让很多海外人士惊呼:“重庆,离欧洲竟如此之近……”

在重庆,中欧班列不再是一条简单的物流通道,它在推动重庆产业转型发展的同时,也开始重塑其外向型经济发展模式。

“IT专列”华丽转身

“渝新欧”的出现,并非偶然。其背后,是重庆作为西部内陆地区承接东部沿海产业转移与自身结构调整的需要。

长期以来,内陆地区处于国际产业分工的末端,在产业从“发达国家—中国沿海地区—内地”的梯度转移面前,往往束手无策。除了“大城市带大农村、东北现象与西部现象叠加”带来的困扰外,被崇山峻岭包围着的地理困局,让重庆地产货物不得不绕道沿海,常常让“豆腐运出了肉价”“豆腐等成了豆腐乳”。

但近年来,重庆以“笔电”产业为突破口,创造性地打破了加工贸易“两头在外”的传统思路,探索出“一头在外”的“整机+配套”的垂直整合模式,以弥补其物流成本、产业配套等薄弱环节。

惠普是最早落户重庆的笔电制造企业,此后,全球最大的电子产业代工商富士康进驻重庆。2009年以来,分散在沿海各省的宏碁、华硕、思科、东芝等5大品牌商,广达、英业达、仁宝、纬创、和硕等6大整机商,以及860多家零部件厂商迅速集聚重庆。

笔记本电脑产能的迅速扩大,对当地的物流能力提出了更高要求,以运送笔记本电脑为主的“IT专列”由此孕育而生,这正是中欧班列(重庆)的前身。

一个集装箱从上海运到荷兰鹿特丹,海运成本一般在2500美元左右,如果货物在内陆,还要增加内陆物流的成本,欧洲到岸后转运至内陆,大约需要4000美元的成本。

“我们做过一个比较,海运所需的时间要比渝新欧铁路多出约20天,加上期间货物占资形成的利息,基本上两者物流成本打个平手,但价值高、对物流时间有要求的货物,中欧班列比海运肯定要更划算。”重庆锦程国际货代有限公司报关经理黄毅说。

不仅是以笔电产品为代表的信息产业,重庆还推动形成了10多家整车企业和1000多家规模以上配套企业的汽车产业集群,探索形成了“推动整机加零部件垂直整合一体化的方式”“在内陆开展加工贸易”的经验做法。

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