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央企重组后要实现“1+1>2”

2017-09-21 05:47:02   中国经济网

此轮央企重组,有着明显的新特征。一是更加重视国企重组市场化运作,二是更加重视化解过剩产能,三是更加重视重组的效果和质量,四是更加重视提高国际竞争力。尽管央企兼并重组取得了显著成绩,但在重组之后,企业要实现持续发展,还有许多难题亟待解决

最近,中国国电集团与神华集团合并重组,使得央企总数降至98家。由此不难看出,推进供给侧结构性改革以来,央企重组频率明显提升,规模和力度不断加大,改革的红利已经初步显现出来。

央企重组大致有4种形式:一是强强联合,如原中国南车和中国北车重组形成中国中车,原中国远洋和中国海运重组形成中国远洋海运集团,原宝钢、武钢重组形成宝武集团。二是优势互补的重组,如原中电投集团和国家核电重组形成国家电投。三是吸收合并的重组,如招商局集团和中国外运长航的重组。四是共建共享的新组建方式,如3家通信企业共同成立铁塔公司。

此轮央企重组,有着明显的新特征。一是更加重视国企重组市场化运作。这一轮重组最大的特征是不以行政手段为主,而是以市场配置为主。在重组对象的选择及执行方面,由过去行政性“拉郎配式”逐渐向市场化“自由恋爱”过渡。二是更加重视化解过剩产能,即能否通过重组合并减少重复投资、重复建设,节约运营成本,能否产生协同效益。三是更加重视重组的效果和质量。今后的重组不是户数从98变成多少户,追求的是如何让央企的战略定位更准确,功能作用更有效地发挥、如何让央企的布局结构更合理、国有资本的效率如何进一步提高。四是更加重视提高国际竞争力。截至目前,中国中车集团已成为全球规模最大、产品最全、技术领先的轨道交通装备企业,产品覆盖全球83%拥有铁路的国家,提升了在世界的地位和话语权。

尽管央企兼并重组取得了显著成绩,但在重组之后,企业要实现持续发展,还有许多难题亟待解决。

首先是上市公司的重组整合难。上市公司层面的整合涉及监管政策和资本市场,各方高度关注,操作极为复杂。停牌时机、信息披露、股东大会表决等关键环节都要注意,确保依法合规操作。

其次是业务整合难。协同效应能否充分发挥,要注意同类业务横向整合、产业链纵向整合、区域化整合、归核化整合等模式。

再次是富余职工安置难。企业合并会涉及相关人员安排,需要做大量细致的工作。特别是要保障员工转岗不下岗,妥善解决企业债务等问题。产能过剩行业的供给要出清,提高经营效率,改善资产负债表。

此外,企业文化融合的问题也不能忽视。合并以后,如何在企业文化上融合实现企业战略协同,也是央企重组面临的难题。央企合并,不是仅仅停留在物理变化上,而是要寻求发生化学反应,继而实现“1+1>2”的重组效果。有关方面应当充分认识困难,滚石上山,攻坚克难,使央企重组为推进供给侧结构性改革发挥更大的作用。

(作者李 锦系中国企业研究院首席研究员 来源:经济日报)

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