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蜜蜂若灭绝人类只能活四年?并非耸人听闻

2017-09-19 15:27:41   新华社

原标题:假如蜜蜂灭绝,人类只能活四年?并非耸人听闻

由于蜜蜂数量不足,山西运城万亩梨园需要雇佣“蜜蜂人”用毛笔进行人工授粉。假如蜜蜂消失,人类将会怎样?失去的不仅是蜂蜜!

本文转载自“北京科技报”,不代表瞭望智库观点。

气温的上升带动了山西运城泓芝驿镇万亩梨花盛开。由于梨树属于典型的配子体型自交不亲和果树,需借助风或蜜蜂传粉,与其他品系的梨杂交才能结果。

但因为无法保证这一地区授粉的蜜蜂数量,穿梭在“千枝万朵压枝低”香雪间的“主角”已经更换。为提高产量,千名“蜜蜂人”采用了人工方式给梨树授粉,这些“蜜蜂人”每天可以挣到80元。

国际知名生物多样性保护专家、英国著名鸟类学家、中国—欧盟生物多样性项目官员约翰·马竞能(JohnMacKinnon)博士在四川也曾见过同样的场景,他感叹:“那里的女孩竟然要用梯子爬上苹果树,用毛笔为每一朵花授粉,这真是滑稽!”马竞能博士认为:“(蜜蜂授粉)本是大自然提供的免费服务,可由于蜜蜂数量锐减,我们现在却要雇人去做蜜蜂的活儿。”

据科技网站Verge2016年的报道,多项研究显示近年来美国全境的蜜蜂数量锐减,2015年蜂群数目总体损失了44.1%。而在世界第一蜂蜜出口大国的中国,蜜蜂这种并不起眼的小昆虫,生存也面临着多重威胁。时至今日,全世界的蜜蜂数量减少、甚至存在灭绝风险,可能已是一个全球性的大问题。

▲“蜜蜂人”(图片来自网络)

1

蜜蜂灭绝,推倒人类灭亡的第一张多米诺骨牌?

在地球生命漫长的演化史中,由于地质变化和大灾难,地球上的生物前后经历了5次较大规模的自然物种大灭绝事件。《纽约客》记者伊丽莎白•科尔伯特在其2014年的著作《大灭绝时代》中阐述了自己的观点:因为人类活动造成的影响,当下我们已经进入了第六次生物大灭绝时期。

这本著作中提到的乳齿象、大海雀、菊石等生物,在地球上都已彻底没了踪影。它们当然不会是在人类活动影响下灭绝的最后几种生物,不过这些生物的灭绝,如今看来,好像也并未重要到对人类或者其他动物的食物链造成极为密切的影响,但蜜蜂似乎是大不同的。

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