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特朗普签署提高债务上限法案 美国政府暂缓“关门”危机

2017-09-12 06:52:28   中国经济网

这项法案的通过,意味着特朗普政府在3个月内避免了债务违约及政府关门风险,得以优先应对强飓风灾情,集中精力推动税改。但在今年年底前,美国国会还需再次批准提高债务上限以免政府违约、发生关门危机进而重创金融市场

美国总统特朗普日前正式签署法案,将提高美国政府债务上限和政府开支法案延长至今年12月8日,同时批准约153亿美元的“哈维”飓风救灾计划。此前美国国会参众两院已通过该“捆绑”法案,因此美国政府将拥有足够资金来正常运转到今年12月8日,暂缓关门危机。

在接连不断的飓风袭击之下,美国国会仅用3天时间就迅速批准了救灾计划。然而,从投票结果来看,为表达对提高债务上限这一跨党派协议的不满,美国一些共和党议员选择反对包含救灾计划在内的新法案。

美国国会参议院9月7日对飓风救灾计划和提高政府债务上限的“捆绑”法案投票,共和党参议员投下了17张反对票。反对法案的共和党参议员虽然大多表达了对“哈维”飓风救灾计划的支持,但是他们反对在缺乏预算削减和任何改革的前提下将提高美国政府债务上限的时间仅仅延长3个月。

美国国会众议院于9月8日对“捆绑”法案投票,全部90张反对票都来自共和党,甚至有4张来自灾区得克萨斯州,法案最终以316票赞成、90票反对在美国国会众议院获得通过。美国国会众议院议长瑞安曾表示,民主党将提高美国政府债务上限的时间仅仅延长3个月的提议是“非常愚蠢和可耻”的想法,是在“拿债务上限玩弄政治”。

这项法案的通过,意味着特朗普政府在3个月内避免了债务违约及政府关门风险,得以优先应对强飓风灾情,集中精力推动税改。但在今年年底前,美国国会还需再次批准提高债务上限以免政府违约、发生关门危机,进而重创金融市场。

美国国会共和党领导层原本希望能通过6个月甚至18个月的债务上限上调方案,以避免一再为此向民主党妥协甚至影响明年国会中期选举的共和党选情。此外,延长政府开支法案也仅有3个月效力,这将使民主党在2018财年预算谈判中占据更加有利的位置。

但是,特朗普9月6日不顾共和党人反对,直接与美国国会民主党领袖达成协议。9月8日,他还在社交媒体推特上批评美国国会共和党人花了7年时间试图废除奥巴马医改,但至今却“什么也没发生”,同时指责美国参议院冗长议事规则使共和党不能通过重大立法。特朗普还催促美国国会共和党人尽快启动税改立法程序,而不是等到9月底。

分析人士认为,特朗普迅速对美国国会民主党领袖屈服是因为他想争取时间尽快推动他所关注的其他议题,诸如减税、建边境墙以及增加基础设施开支等。因为这些议题是构成他“民粹主义经济政策”的核心。

根据特朗普9月8日签署的法案,美国联邦政府除为“哈维”飓风灾区提供79亿美元救灾资金外,鉴于“艾尔玛”飓风来袭,还将另提供74亿美元救灾资金用于2017年美国受灾最严重地区。据美国国会预算局估计,其中57%的救灾资金(约87亿美元)将在2020年或更晚些时候投入使用。(经济日报驻华盛顿记者 高伟东)

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