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“超级显微镜”:上天入地下海的国之重器

2017-09-11 07:37:42   中国经济网

▲ 位于地下17米深处的中国散裂中子源直线加速器。经济日报记者 郑 杨摄

? CSNS工程的靶站谱仪大厅。经济日报记者 郑 杨摄

位于地下17米深处的中国散裂中子源环形加速器。 经济日报记者 郑 杨摄

8月28日上午10时,位于广东东莞的中国散裂中子源(CSNS)靶站谱仪控制室内,科研人员凝视着屏幕,紧张待命。只见工程总指挥兼工程经理陈和生院士一声指令,从加速器引出的质子束流首次打向金属钨靶,顺利获得中子束流。在场的工程人员激动地见证了这历史性的一刻——中国散裂中子源首次打靶成功!中国有了自己的散裂中子源

被誉为“超级显微镜”的散裂中子源是了解微观世界的利器,原本仅英国、美国和日本三国拥有此设备。CSNS作为我国“十二五”期间建设的最大规模大科学装置,将成为发展中国家的第一台散裂中子源,跻身世界4大脉冲散裂中子源行列, 为高水平的科研成果提供有力支撑,并为解决国家可持续发展和国家安全战略需求的许多瓶颈问题提供先进平台。

这个拥有“火眼金睛”的国之重器究竟长什么样?又将发挥怎样的作用?9月1日,《经济日报》记者来到CSNS园区一探究竟。

小中子,大装置

国产化率超96%

深入地下17米深处的CSNS加速器隧道,记者得以窥见这个即将封闭进入试运行的“庞然大物”——它包括1台8千万电子伏特的负氢离子直线加速器、1台16亿电子伏特的快循环质子同步加速器、2条束流运输线、1个靶站、首批建设的3台谱仪等。

那么,CSNS何以成为了解微观世界的“超级显微镜”?这要从微小而神奇的中子说起。

众所周知,X射线能拍摄人体的医学影像。而在材料学、化学、生命科学、医药等领域,科学家们也希望有一种工具,能像X射线一样拍摄到材料的微观结构。中子散射技术就是这样一种强有力的工具,能研究诸如DNA、蛋白质、飞机材料等的内部结构。

中国科学院院士陈和生告诉记者,中子的发现及应用是20世纪最重要的科技成就之一。由于中子不带电、穿透性强,能分辨轻元素、同位素和近邻元素,并具有非破坏性,这使得中子散射成为研究物质结构和动力学性质的理想探针之一。

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