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中国迎最大规模海归潮:政策很有吸引力 学子热情高

2017-09-11 07:26:38   中国经济网

人民日报海外版

最近,在美国加利福尼亚州读书的陈菲菲,进入回国倒计时。她于2015年赴美国学习新闻专业,如今打算回国发展。和陈菲菲一样,越来越多的中国留学生选择毕业之后回国工作。在他们看来,中国比以往任何时候都有吸引力。

中共十八大以来,中国正加快构建具有全球竞争力的人才制度体系。随之而来的,是新中国成立以来最大规模的海外留学人员归国潮。从1986年第一波10万人次的出国留学潮到现在,已经过去了30多年。中国精英们从走出去到跑回来,见证了发展中的中国过去的努力和现在的辉煌。

人才回流在加速

10年前,中国每送出3个人出国留学,迎回1人;如今,出国与回国人数比例已从2006年的3.15 1下降到2015年的1.28 1,且呈现人才加速回流态势。随着中国国际影响力不断扩大,高学历、高层次人才回流占比明显提升,中国正在经历新中国成立以来最大规模的海外人才回归潮。

“我身边的多数朋友选择回国工作,我们都觉得中国目前发展潜力大、机会多。”2012年赴美国俄亥俄州立大学求学的“90后”小伙儿戴稼本在接受本报采访时表示,能为祖国、为家乡的发展贡献自己的力量,是一件很开心、很自豪的事。

教育部最新数据显示,1978—2015年中国出国留学人数累计达404.21万人。其中,126.43万人处于学习研究阶段,221.86万人选择学成回国,学成回国学生占已完成学业学生群体的79.87%。根据《中国留学发展报告(2016)》蓝皮书,2015年中国留学回国人数达40.91万,较2014年增加4.43万,增幅为12.14%。

“人才磁铁”聚精英

随着综合国力不断提升,中国对人才的吸引力愈发增强,显示出强大的“人才磁铁”效应。这正是此次最大规模海归回国潮的深刻时代背景。

中共十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央明确提出“聚天下英才而用之”的战略目标,加快构建具有全球竞争力的人才制度体系,国家、地方和用人单位引才项目竞相推出,为留学归国人员提供大量就业机会和政策便利。

2013年,在欧美同学会成立100周年庆祝大会上,习近平总书记发表重要讲话指出,我们比历史上任何时期都更接近实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标,我们也比历史上任何时期都更加渴求人才。

欧美同学会理事、《留学生》杂志编委艾曙光在接受记者采访时表示,在诸多利好因素影响下,近年来留学人员回国创业就业出现持续增长势头;国家对人才的重视、对留学归国人员的政策倾斜,国内相对稳定的产业形势和潜在的市场机会,都将“海归潮”推升到历史高点。

国际人才“新一极”

2013年,袁芳赴意大利佛罗伦萨大学学习经济学专业,在拿到硕士学位之后,她选择回国。2016年毕业的她,现在是中国传媒大学国际传媒教育学院的一名老师。袁芳在接受记者采访时说,“毕业之后就是想回国发展,能用自己所学为祖国服务,这让我觉得自己的工作很有意义。”

“海归潮”的到来,进一步提升了中国在国际上的竞争力。据统计,目前国家重点项目学科带头人中,超过七成是“海归”,大量的中国科学院院士、中国工程院院士都是“海归”。科技部数据显示,2016年,中国国际科技论文数量稳居世界第二位,科技进步贡献率增至56.2%,创新型国家建设取得重要进展。

大量“海归”人才释放出巨大发展能量。目前,全国共有留学人员创业园300多个、入园企业2.4万家,2015年技工贸总收入超过2800亿元,6.7万名留学人才在园创业。

专家预测,未来5年,中国将迎来“进大于出”的历史拐点,中国将从世界最大人才流出国转变为最主要的人才吸收国,逐步成为国际人才竞争格局中的重要一极。

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