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荒漠化防治的中国奇迹

2017-09-11 06:31:37   中国经济网

内蒙古库布其沙漠的穿沙公路两侧绿意葱茏(9月4日摄)。近年来,内蒙古实现森林覆盖率、草原植被盖度连续“双提高”,荒漠化、沙化土地持续“双减少”。 新华社记者 邓 华摄

全球荒漠化以每年7万平方公里的增幅迅速扩张,110多个国家和地区、10亿人口深受其害。中国作为世界上荒漠化面积最大的国家之一,有荒漠化土地261.16万平方公里,然而,经过艰苦卓绝的治理,沙化土地面积连年持续缩减。尤其是最近5年,中国沙化土地面积平均每年净减1980平方公里,成为世界生态建设史上的奇迹。

联合国防治荒漠化公约第十三次缔约方大会召开前夕,中国因扭转荒漠化趋势,被世界未来委员会与联合国防治荒漠化公约(UNCCD)组织授予“未来政策奖”。中国荒漠化防治成就受到国际社会的充分肯定,中国荒漠化防治政策被世界未来委员会与联合国防治荒漠化公约组织列入世界防治荒漠化与土地退化最佳政策之一,为全球生态治理贡献了“中国方案”和“中国经验”。

根治沙害攸关生死

绿杨排排,沙柳丛丛,一望无际。这可是库布其沙漠?!

没错,这就是曾经黄沙漫漫、寸草难生的库布其大沙漠。

如今,总面积1.86万平方公里的库布其大沙漠,植被覆盖度已达53%,成为名副其实的绿洲。

“我看到了人类可以把沙漠变成一个绿洲,这简直就是一个奇迹!中国库布其把噩梦变成愿景,变成充满快乐、希望的明天。”眼前的景象,让希腊前总理安东尼斯·萨马拉斯赞叹不已。

库布其沙漠曾经是怎样的情形呢?从小就生活在这里的内蒙古鄂尔多斯市道图村的格什朝格图记得,以前遍地是黄沙,风裹着流沙遮天蔽日。吃完一碗面,碗底就能积上半寸沙。去镇上买根针,需要在沙漠里走一整天。刚结婚时,为了盖房子,他牵着骆驼,去40里外驮砖,整整驮了半个月。

“内蒙古是我国荒漠化和沙化土地最集中、危害最严重的省区之一。”国家林业局局长张建龙说,“这里有五大沙漠、五大沙地,荒漠化土地面积占自治区面积的一半以上。”

上世纪80年代,内蒙古沙化面积高达23%,60%的农田和38%的草原都存在不同程度的沙化。鄂尔多斯则是沙化重灾区,全市45%的土地已沙化,每年40%的农田因风沙毁种,20%的农田绝收。

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