新闻 > 社会
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China

科普:为何东北航道成为远洋商业航线

2017-09-05 16:45:43   中国经济网

新华社“天健”轮9月5日电科普:为何东北航道成为远洋商业航线

新华社记者刘诗平

8月31日从中国连云港出发的“天健”轮目前已进入鄂霍次克海,预计5天后进入白令海峡,从北冰洋上的东北航道前往欧洲。对这条航道,过去的航海家花了几个世纪才走通,近来才真正作为一条远洋商业航线受到关注。

商船为什么要经东北航道前往欧洲?途中要经过哪些海域和关键节点?与经苏伊士运河去欧洲的传统航线相比哪个更便利?在北极恶劣环境中,海冰、海雾、海浪等“拦路虎”哪个更可怕?“天健”轮在此次航行中努力找寻着这些问题的答案。

在常常冰封的北冰洋上,人们一直在探索东北航道、西北航道和中央航道等航线,因为它们相比传统航线有路程短的优点。当今世界航运大部分航线位于东亚、西欧和北美这三大区域之间,但由于大陆阻隔,三大区域间贸易运输绕航严重,过去只能通过巴拿马运河和苏伊士运河缩短海上航程。北冰洋连接太平洋和大西洋,可提供更短的航线,但北极的海冰使得这些航线长期只是探索性质,没有大规模商业化。

近来随着全球变暖,北冰洋上的海冰在夏季大量融化,人们开始认真考虑通过东北航道连接东亚与西欧的商业价值。商船通过这条航道从欧洲往返东亚的一些港口可以省时间、省成本,可避开夏季印度洋西南季风对船舶航行安全的困扰,还能减少海盗袭扰的风险等。

2013年,中国远洋海运集团旗下的“永盛”轮从中国江苏太仓港出发,历经27天航行,停靠荷兰鹿特丹港,成为第一艘经东北航道完成亚欧航线的中国商船,比传统的经苏伊士运河航线缩短2800多海里,时间减少9天。

本次航行的“天健”轮船长沈建新告诉记者,这次走东北航道从连云港到首个卸货港丹麦埃斯比约港共7670海里、约航行25天,将比走苏伊士运河节省里程3390海里,节省时间约12天,节省燃油约320吨,折合减少二氧化碳排放超过1000吨。

走东北航道的优势很多,劣势也同样明显。白令海峡是太平洋进入北冰洋的唯一入口。商船从太平洋穿过白令海峡驶往欧洲,要经过俄罗斯北边的楚科奇海、东西伯利亚海、拉普捷夫海、喀拉海,也就是俄罗斯人常称的“北方四海”。据有经验的船员介绍,在这些区域航行主要受海冰、海雾、海浪等恶劣环境和极昼、寒冷等不利因素影响,它们可以说是北极航行中的“拦路虎”。

受气候影响,东北航道可通航时段有限,通过窗口大致是每年7月中旬至10月中旬。航道两端,即白令海峡和挪威沿海的大风大浪天气较为频繁。根据海冰情况,船舶可能需要雇请破冰船护航。有雾的天气在冰区航行最危险,是对船员心理素质、业务能力和身体状况的严峻考验。

在北极地区航行还可能受极昼的影响,船员工作的时候是白天,睡觉也是白天,造成生物钟紊乱。由于极昼和低温同时存在,船员在午夜阳光下干活、夏季穿着棉衣在甲板上干活,也是在东北航道上常见的画面。

从救援角度看,东北航道沿线人烟稀少,“北方四海”沿线只有一些小型港口,应急救援力量匮乏。如果要在这条航线上进行救援,目前主要依赖的是破冰船及远程直升机。因此,船舶及船员都要进行全方位的准备和培训,对可能遇到的各种情况进行分析评估,制定应急措施和预案。

今年6月,中国有关方面发布《“一带一路”建设海上合作设想》,积极推动共建经北冰洋连接欧洲的蓝色经济通道。记者最新了解到,除“天健”轮外,能确定今年航行东北航道的商船还包括4艘中国远洋海运的船舶。其中,“莲花松”轮和“大安”轮分别计划从连云港和天津出发,经东北航道抵达欧洲;“天福”轮和“天乐”轮计划从欧洲装载货物后,经东北航道返回中国。

业内人士预计,随着全球气候变暖、海冰融化加快,东北航道会提供新的商机,沿途航行条件和设施有望逐步改善,将来会有越来越多的中国商船航行在东北航道上。

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170905/31290593.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/06/30 16:27:50

Powered by China
China