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破解留学逆差难题 中国教育如何影响世界

2017-09-04 08:05:57   中国经济网

当前中国经济上了一个大台阶,一部分老百姓有钱了,但是不知道怎么培养孩子,越来越多的家长选择海外教育。“政府的教育投入较40年前大幅增长,民众对教育的需求发生了重大变化,这种情况下怎么办教育?在经济全球化带来的激烈竞争背景下,中国的教育怎么办?”

社会学家、清华大学共同发展研究院常务副院长李强,在近日由全球化智库等机构举办的“全球教育五十人论坛”上,提出了教育改革需要直面的两大问题。50位来自教育界一线的大学校长、学者以及来自政界、企业界、经济学界、人文艺术学界、自然科学界的理论家和实践者,在此次论坛上共同探索全球教育未来,献策中国教育改革。

“教育最主要的功能是育人,但教育也是一个社会筛选机制。”李强说,“考入清华北大的和初中没有毕业的,最后走的是完全不同的路。所以家长就忧虑,担心孩子输在起跑线上,从幼儿园开始就拼命在争。争什么呢?争未来在社会上的地位。”

在李强看来,早出国对孩子成长不一定是好事,容易产生文化冲突和困惑,但是“我们本位文化没有做好,家长不信,就都送出去”,这值得深思。

全球化智库理事长、国家国际专业委员会会长王辉耀介绍,2015年~2016年,中国在海外留学人数达到130万人,占全球留学人数总数的25%。来华留学生仅为20万人,占我国在校大学生总人数的比例约为0.7%。这和发达国家相距甚远,OECD(经济合作与发展组织)国家这一比例平均为8%。同时,中国内地大学的师资国际化程度比较低,只有不到1%,中国香港的大学师资国际化程度平均为40%。

这种状况已引起教育改革者重视。教育部教育发展研究中心战略室主任高书国提出,中国将努力在2030年回归世界教育中心地位。正在研究的教育强国方案包括6个指标体系:建立强大的教育体系;人力资源强国进入高层次开发水平;新增劳动力受教育水平进入第一梯队;受高等教育者达到世界第一;中国成为世界最重要的留学生目的地国之一;2030年真正实现中国对发达国家的赶超。

高书国说,为了实现中国教育影响世界的目标,一个很重要的环节是“用别人听得懂的语言,愿意接受的方式,把中国的故事讲出去”。

我国的顶级学府已经开始实践。“真正的国际交流不仅要把国际教育资源整合到中国,来培养中国的竞争力,同时要打开国门,广邀全球人才来中国学习文化、科技和制度。”清华大学苏世民书院副院长程文浩介绍,该书院一半的师资来自清华大学各院系,还有一半来自从全球招聘的顶级学者,目标是为了培养全球领袖。第一届学生有110人,其中45%来自美国,20%的学生来自中国。选拔时“不但看中他们的学术表现,同时也非常关注他们的领导力潜质、社会责任感和价值观”。

在北京工商大学副校长谢志华看来,“教师不仅仅是在传授知识,你强烈的使命感构成教育真正对人性的提升,你对问题的发现有多大、有多高,你的责任感就有多大、多强”。

“教育最核心的是价值的植入和形成过程。”中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所所长张宇燕认为,大学教育让学生有“终身学习”的意识和能力从某种意义上来讲更重要。

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