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发改委:将进一步加强铁路客运等垄断行业价格监管

2017-09-01 13:20:58   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京9月1日讯 近日,发改委网站发布了《国家发展改革委关于进一步加强垄断行业价格监管的意见》,《意见》指出,为贯彻落实中央财经领导小组会议精神,建立健全垄断行业科学定价方式,合理降低垄断行业价格,推进垄断行业降本增效,促进垄断行业可持续发展、消费者合理负担,提出以下意见。

一、重要意义

垄断行业是由一个或少数经营主体拥有市场支配地位的行业,主要指因存在资源稀缺性、规模经济效益而由一个或少数企业经营的网络型自然垄断环节和重要公用事业、公益性服务行业,主要包括输配电、天然气管道运输、铁路运输等基础性行业以及居民供水供气供热等公用事业。这些行业主要提供基础性、公益性产品和服务,与国计民生密切相关,对促进经济社会发展、保障人民群众生活具有重要作用。由于具有资本投入量大、市场支配地位明显、关乎民生、难以形成有效竞争等特点,为保障公共利益,根据国际惯例,需要政府对这些行业的价格进行有效监管。

党的十八大以来,按照党中央国务院决策部署,各级价格主管部门加快推进垄断行业定价制度建设,先后出台了输配电、天然气管道运输、铁路客运等重点行业定价办法或成本监审办法,初步建立起以“准许成本+合理收益”为核心的垄断行业定价制度框架,严格成本监审,强化价格监管,有效约束了垄断行业成本,惠及实体经济和广大人民群众。目前,已全面完成省级电网输配电价改革,核减成本比例达14.5%;已基本完成天然气管道运输定价成本监审;一些城市也开展了供水定价成本监审,为进一步深化价格监管积累了宝贵经验。但是,当前我国垄断行业经营成本不够透明、价格形成不够合理的现象还比较突出,成本监审制度不够完善、覆盖面还需扩大,监管能力有待进一步提升,监管的科学化、精细化水平还需提高,迫切需要在总结价格监管实践基础上,借鉴国际先进经验,进一步完善机制、强化监管,建立健全科学定价方式,实质性降低偏高价格和收费水平,这既有利于合理降低企业成本和社会负担,也有利于提高垄断行业生产经营效率,是深化供给侧结构性改革的重要内容,是健全现代市场体系的有效举措,是保障社会公共利益的必然要求。

二、总体要求

(一)总体思路。按照“准确核定成本、科学确定利润、严格进行监管”的思路,以成本监审为基础,以科学定价机制为支柱,建立健全以“准许成本+合理收益”为核心的约束与激励相结合的垄断行业定价制度,实现科学化、精细化、制度化、透明化监管,促进垄断行业健康可持续发展,合理降低垄断行业价格。

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