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【思享家】经济合作是金砖国家的“稳定器”和“助推器”

2017-08-31 21:51:01   中国经济网

作者:北京师范大学政府管理学院副教授、金砖国家合作中心主任 王磊

金砖国家的概念最初起源于贸易投资领域,各国之间的正式机制化合作也从经济金融领域开始。过去十年,经济合作在金砖国家合作中一直居于中心地位,务实合作成果丰硕,成为金砖国家合作的“稳定器”和“助推器”。过去的十年间,金砖各成员国抱团取暖、同舟共济,建设金砖国家经济伙伴关系,共同抵御国际金融危机的冲击,推动了全球经济治理体系和国际金融体系的变革,捍卫开放型世界经济体系,成为拉动世界经济复苏的重要引擎;作为新兴国家和发展中国家的代表,金砖国家共同倡导新型全球发展伙伴关系,推动发展中国家的相互合作,推动建设更加开放、包容、平衡、互惠、可持续的国际经济体系,开辟了南南合作的新路径。金砖国家经济合作强调推进机制建设,在《金砖国家经济伙伴战略》的指引下,取得财金经贸务实合作的丰硕成果并支撑起金砖国家经济合作的大厦,通过打造“金色十年”,有力反驳了“金砖褪色论”和“金砖崩溃论”。

一、机制建设日益完善

过去十年,金砖国家经济合作不断机制化、系统化、实心化,不仅带动了各国经济发展,而且推动构建了一个开放型的、支持多边贸易体制的、多边金融体系更加完善的世界经济体系。金砖国家在全球经济治理中有力地推动了经济全球化、增长多元化和治理民主化,成为改革和完善全球经济治理体系的重要建设性力量。

第一,金砖国家领导人峰会和非正式会晤为金砖国家经济合作提供政治引领,并做出战略决策。从2009年叶卡捷琳堡峰会开始,金砖国家领导人就将推动金融、贸易、投资等领域的合作作为重点,最初三次峰会将金砖合作定位为成员国就经济金融发展领域合作进行沟通协调的平台。金砖国家于2013年德班峰会确立了“一体化大市场、多层次大流通、基础设施互联互通”的经济合作方向,并在2015年乌法峰会期间签署了《金砖国家经济伙伴战略》,为开展长期经济合作规划了蓝图。峰会还达成共识,金砖国家要建设全球经济治理和促进全球发展的伙伴关系,携手推动国际经济体系朝向更加公正合理的方向发展。

第二,建立多个经济领域的专业部长会议机制。金砖国家贸易部长会议已举行七次,央行行长和财政部长年度多次会议机制已经形成,工业、税收、通信、海关等经济领域的部长级会议机制正在逐步建立和健全,旅游、交通等其他领域的部长级会议也开始启动。各部长会议机制按照《金砖国家经济伙伴战略》制定的规划,落实领导人峰会达成的共识,成为金砖国家务实经济合作最重要的平台支撑和机制保障。此外,为了确保政策沟通和交流的有效性,金砖国家还成立了上述领域的数十个工作组和联络组,构成金砖国家经济合作的日常协调机制。

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