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人民币汇率走稳预期持续增强

2017-08-31 06:40:57   中国经济网

8月30日,人民币对美元汇率中间价继续上调191基点,报6.6102元,再次刷新2016年8月下旬以来的高点。

今年5月份以来,人民币汇率开启升值走势,无论是离岸、在岸价,还是人民币对美元汇率中间价,均从6.9元附近一路上涨,并一再创下新高。8月22日,人民币对美元汇率中间价就曾创下去年9月22日以来的新高。

“人民币汇率升值是美元指数走弱和逆周期因子共同作用的结果。”招商证券宏观主管谢亚轩认为。

8月25日,美元指数暴跌,一路从93.30附近跌至92.54附近。在美元指数下调后,市场普遍预计本周人民币中间价将有强势表现。果然,周一开盘,人民币对美元汇率中间价大幅上涨226个基点,报6.6353元;周二,涨幅有所放缓,上调60个基点;到了周三,人民币中间价再度大幅上调,并又一次创下新高。

目前,市场情绪对美元后市总体偏空,为人民币汇率走升创造了良好外部环境。外汇市场专家韩会师认为,美元最近利空较多。在货币政策上,美联储主席耶伦上周五在全球央行行长年会上闭口不提加息和缩表,令市场对美联储的紧缩路径“心中无底”。

今年5月份,人民币中间价形成机制引入“逆周期因子”,也被认为是本轮人民币汇率走强的重要因素。引入“逆周期因子”前,美元指数持续走弱,但人民币对美元即期汇率却并未随着美元走弱,反而同步走强。引入“逆周期因子”后,外汇市场的羊群效应被适当过滤,市场整体预期更趋于理性。对人民币汇率的贬值预期自此逐步扭转,并在美元进一步走弱的背景下,人民币汇率持续上涨。

中国经济基本面向好也成为了人民币汇率本轮走势的有力支撑。今年以来,我国经济增长的平稳性在不断增强。尽管受季节性因素影响,月度数据有所波动,但按照经济运行的内在规律和惯性,下半年中国经济预计能够延续总体平稳的态势。在此背景下,市场信心明显增强,普遍预计人民币汇率将稳中有升。

韩会师认为,今年人民币之所以能够在结售汇持续逆差的情况下连续升值,是央行通过频繁口头表态和积极入市引导,清晰地展示了维护人民币汇率稳定、坚决打击单边做空势力的政策立场。随后,国际投机资本做空动力基本消失,境内普通民众的恐慌情绪也得到了极大安抚,突出表现在个人购汇热情在经历了2014年至2016年的飙升后,在今年迅速降温。

外汇局近期公布的数据显示,随着市场预期进一步趋稳,7月份个人购汇环比和同比分别下降35%和27%,购汇意愿继续下降。

市场普遍预计,人民币汇率仍将稳中有升。国际金融问题专家赵庆明认为,今年以来,全球非美元货币普遍较美元汇率上涨超过10%,而人民币汇率目前仅上涨了约5%左右,涨幅并不算高。因此,在美元下跌、中国经济基本面仍有支撑的背景下,本轮人民币汇率有可能最高升值到6.4元关口。

不过,这并不意味着人民币将进入单边升值通道。谢亚轩强调,引入“逆周期因子”的目的是放大人民币汇率波动,而不是“拉偏架”,不是只推动人民币汇率跟随篮子货币升值。一旦美元指数反弹,人民币汇率仍有可能出现波动。(经济日报记者 陈果静)

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