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冷冻人:复活还只是梦想

2017-08-27 06:20:48   中国经济网

近日,我国本土首例人体冷冻在山东完成。49岁的癌症患者展文莲在医院离世后,被送往20公里外的山东银丰生命科学院,保存到零下196℃的液态氮中,等待未来某一天的“复活”。

这个颇具科幻色彩的新闻激发了很多读者的兴趣,人们不禁要问:冷冻人真的能复活吗?

冷冻,让时光凝固

当外界温度低至一定程度时,肌体细胞处于“生命机会停顿”状态。理论上讲,一个生物如果能在4℃环境下存活2小时,在零下196℃下可望保存几个世纪

“现在的人体冻存还不是一个严格意义上的科学项目,世界范围内尚没有一个冷冻人复苏成功的案例。”接受《经济日报》记者采访时,中科院理化技术研究所研究员、清华大学教授、低温生物医学工程学北京市重点实验室主任刘静说,科学项目要做到可测试、可重复,人体冷冻显然还不在其列。“与其说它是科学,不如说它目前还只是人类的一个美好梦想。”

不过,曾经有一句电影台词说得好:人如果没有梦想,和咸鱼有什么区别?

人体冻存复苏虽然是一种梦想,但就更广泛范围而言,低温冷冻保存技术却是一种可以“凝固时光”的技术。低温环境可以使活体组织的代谢活动能力显著降低。当外界温度低至一定程度时,肌体细胞既不会衰老,也不会退化,处于“生命机会停顿”状态,因而使生命得以永恒封存。

理论上讲,一个生物如果能在4℃环境下存活2小时,那就能在零下40℃下保存数日,在零下80℃下保存数月,在零下196℃下可望保存几个世纪!

刘静介绍,借助现代低温冷冻保存技术,人类已经可以长期保存精子、卵子及胚胎。尤其是近30年来,利用低温冷冻保存技术,人类成功地实现了对绝大多数细胞,如成纤维细胞、脂肪细胞、肿瘤细胞、干细胞等的保存。

在该技术中,液氮是细胞冻存过程中最常用的超低温制冷剂,在零下196℃中,细胞能够长期被保存。这或许也是展文莲被保存到液氮中的原因。

然而,量变引起质变。越简单的细胞,冻存和复苏越容易,越复杂的组织则越难。

比如冻存女性卵母细胞的冷冻卵子技术,冻存后的细胞复苏成功率低于50%。刘静表示,这主要是因为卵母细胞尺寸远大于其他普通细胞。

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