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共享充电宝大战再度升温 知产专家深度解读行业专利
2017-08-25 17:01:33 中国经济网
经济日报-中国经济网北京8月25日讯(记者 李万祥)2017年7月,北京知识产权法院接连受理并执行证据保全了两起共享充电宝专利侵权案。共享经济行业的专利纠纷再一次被推上风口浪尖。 目前,共享充电宝行业主要存在的产品类型分为机柜式充电宝模式和桌面式充电模式,其中机柜式充电宝引发的专利纠纷集中于租借系统、机柜模式及相关识别技术、机柜及充电宝的外观设计等几个方面。作为柜式充电宝行业的代表,深圳来电科技有限公司(下称来电)和深圳街电科技有限公司(下称街电)之间早已剑拔弩张。据了解,自2017年3月起,来电就有关6项专利技术对街电发起了累计30件诉讼,涉及赔偿金额超过6600万元。 围绕这场专利大战,业内知名专家对此进行了深度解读。 焦点一:来电、街电谁在侵权? 陈欧曾为其投资的街电,斥巨资买下的三件专利分别为;“一种手机充电更换系统及充电方法”“一种手机电池的充电箱”“一种可识别身份的手机充电电池及其识别方法”,该三个专利同样涉及充电宝这一技术领域。细读该三个专利的权利要求书会发现:第一个“一种手机充电更换系统及充电方法”产品专利的发明点之一在于,专用手机电池内部设置以RFID芯片,并在外包装上印制两个二维码,分别是二维码A和二维码B,二维码A的信息是服务器的地址链接,二维码B的信息与所述RFID芯片的ID型号相同或者相关;第二个专利“一种可识别身份的手机充电电池及其识别方法”为方法发明专利,该识别方法第二步为手机充电电池售出后,用户在使用前必须用智能手机先扫描二维码A下载App或者直接输入所述服务器地址下载App,并在App中输入注册信息,然后用App扫描二维码B,将用户注册信息与二维码B的ID发送给所述服务器;最后一个“一种手机电池的充电箱”产品专利的发明点之一在于,电子锁包括电磁铁、弹簧及锁紧块,弹簧两端分别连接锁紧块与电磁铁,电池腔电池插入口相对的内侧壁设置一压缩弹簧。 多名知识产权专家认为,从三个专利的权利要求书可以看出,三个专利的保护范围均较小,例如,第一个专利限定了二维码B的位置、制造工艺,第二个专利将手机这一多余的技术特征写入了权利要求,第三个专利对电子锁的具体结构进行了限定,来电产品至少缺少上述两个产品专利发明点所保护的技术特征,同时,不会使用上述方法专利的识别方法,来电产品未落入上述三个发明专利的保护范围。 来电方面与之抗衡的专利主要为“一种移动电源租借终端”和“吸纳式充电装置”。来电的这两项专利限定了较宽的保护范围,街电产品很有可能落入该两项专利的保护范围。值得一提的是,上述来电的两个专利,在来电与深圳市云充吧科技有限公司(下称云充吧)的专利侵权案中,两审法院均判决来电胜诉。此外,云充吧还就来电的“一种移动电源”实用新型专利提起无效宣告,专利复审委作出了在权利要求6以及引用权利要求6的权利要求8-10的基础上继续维持该专利有效的决定。如此看来,来电的专利价值在一系列的诉讼纠纷中越发显著。 焦点二:知识产权的武器要怎么用? 共享经济是当下关注度最高的领域,除了层出不穷的“共享品”以外,随之而来的就是各种专利战了。此次,知识产权界的几位专家学者围绕着共享充电行业两家公司来电与街电的专利诉讼案,进行了深度解读并发表了各自的看法。与会的各位专家对来电作为共享充电行业第一个吃螃蟹的人所提出的这种全新的商业模式以及其所布局申请的行业基础专利均给予了很高的肯定和评价。 同济大学知识产权学院单晓光教授认为国家正在推动大众创业万众创新,所以共享经济这个新型的商业模式也就备受关注,虽然2017年4月1日实施的《专利审查指南》将专利保护范围扩展至含有技术特征的商业模式、商业方法。但归根结底,这些商业模式商业方法还是落在产品上,企业在做宣传时应根据自身情况判断应侧重产品还是商业特征。 对于《最高人民法院关于审理专利纠纷案件适用法律问题的若干规定》中规定的专利权评价报告的提交制度,中国社会科学院知识产权中心李明德教授认为,实用新型和外观设计的专利权评价报告提交对当事人是有益的,因为实用新型和外观设计都没有经过实质审查,这个评价报告无论正面与否,确定的都是一种权利状态,而不必在意其的对与错。原上海市高级人民法院法官张晓都也表示评价报告只是一个初步证据,法院不会因为一个负面的评价报告而宣告专利无效,这只是会促使法院要求当事人申请专利无效程序。单晓光教授也强调各当事人不要将评价报告扩大理解。 对于起诉的权利要求的选择,中国科学院大学李顺德教授表示权利要求选择的时候一般都要选择保护范围最大的独立权利要求,此外,为了诉讼的稳妥,可以增加最核心的从属权利要求,并且诉讼时要讲究诉讼策略。北京航空航天大学孙国瑞教授认为,虽然对于选择权利要求的个数,每个法院的做法都有所不同,如果真的有必要起诉多个,可以与法官协商交流,个数的选择还是应该根据案情来做决定。对于停止侵犯专利权的执行与重复侵权的问题,原上海市高级人民法院法官张晓都表示对于拒不执行判决、裁定行为虽有惩处规定,但现实中这种违法犯罪行为真正被追究刑事责任的为数不多。原最高人民法院知识产权庭庭长蒋志培认为在这方面应要求法官在判决停止侵权时,一定要明确停止侵权的范围,如时间、地点、型号等等,在之后的执行中才能更有力度。如果法院不予执行停止侵权的判决,代理律师也应当竭尽全力要求法院执行生效判决。
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