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黄金五年 种业“三变”

2017-08-22 07:25:38   中国经济网

过去的五年,是我国种业发展的黄金五年:种业市场规模从400多亿元成长到700多亿元,种业企业不仅加快“走出去”,而且初步改变了“小散弱”格局,在与“洋种子”的竞争中一改颓势,品种、人才、市场都发生了大变化

日前,中国化工集团宣布完成对瑞士种业企业先正达的收购,收购额达430亿美元,在国内外种业领域引起强烈反响。行业并购折射出我国种业近年来走过的发展之路。过去的5年,是我国种业发展的黄金五年。种业市场规模从400多亿元成长到700多亿元,种业企业不仅加快“走出去”,而且初步改变了“小散弱”的格局,在与“洋种子”的竞争中一改颓势,品种、人才、市场都发生了大变化。

品种之变——

国产种子收“失地”

10年前,美国玉米品种“先玉335”以其“单粒点播”适宜机械化的优势,在几年时间抢占了我国东北市场的不少份额。2012年高峰时,推广面积占全国玉米种植面积的8%。“国外种子按粒卖,国内种子按斤卖”,就在那时成为人们的口头禅,而我国自育玉米品种与国际领先品种间的差距也于此暴露无遗。

在本世纪的最初10年,我国种业刚刚起步,恰逢跨国种业公司全球布局之时。种业市场放开后,国产种业发展遭遇巨大压力。“洋种子”的代表是玉米“先玉335”和部分设施蔬菜品种。最高峰时,“先玉335”推广面积达4000多万亩,国外种子占据山东寿光设施蔬菜种子的大部分市场。“那时候,我们的压力很大。”玉米育种家程相文说。

反观当时我国种业的情况,创新能力却很薄弱,大量换汤不换药、“换个车灯就是一辆新车”的所谓“新品种”层出不穷;而掌握大量人才和资源的科研院所以论文为导向,科研成果被束之高阁。

2013年,国务院办公厅印发《关于深化种业体制改革提高创新能力的意见》,要求加快公益性科研院所与所办企业分离,使其专心开展基础性公益研究;强化企业技术创新主体地位,鼓励科企合作育种。此后的几年间,在一些重大品种上,打破了体制障碍、学科界线、院墙壁垒,组建了集科研院所和种子企业共同参与的良种重大科研攻关联合体,以四大粮食作物为主线,解决生产实际中的重大品种需求。

目前,玉米以机收籽粒品种为突破口,大豆以高蛋白食用品种为重点,已经取得了明显成效。去年,中国种子集团有限公司申请品种权64件,北京金色农华种业科技有限公司申请62件,相当于过去七八年申请量的总和。“6年前,我种玉米用的是‘先玉335’种子,不过现在1万多亩地已经都换成国产的‘良玉99’了。”吉林省榆树市五棵树镇种粮大户李军告诉《经济日报》记者:“一开始我对国产种子的质量也有疑虑。2013年试种了400亩,发现国产品种抗大小叶斑病,还特别抗倒伏,今年就全换了。”

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