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城投债区域差异越发明显 投资需精挑细选

2017-08-17 10:30:10   中国经济网

发行量骤减、发行成本上升,过去炙手可热的城投债还具有投资价值吗?

前些年,城投债是各大机构眼中的“香馍馍”。由于有地方政府信用背书,城投债被视为是“准地方债”、具有“金边”属性,其发债规模在2012年和2013年迎来爆炸式增长。

分水岭来得很快。2014年,《关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》出台后,不少人认为,此前作为地方融资平台的城投公司面临转型,新发行城投债的政府信用背书将消失。

近期,常德经投退出融资平台事件再一次触动了市场的神经。7月25日,湖南省常德市经济建设投资集团有限公司发布公告称,将退出政府融资平台,不再承担地方政府举债融资职能,自主经营,自负盈亏。该公司表示,集团公司已经建立现代企业制度,实现市场化运营;之前承担的地方债务已纳入政府财政预算,并得到了妥善安排。从2015年起,已有甘肃、四川、广西等地的数家城投公司发布了类似公告。

当前,城投债“金边”属性逐步丧失已成为市场一致预期。据海通证券首席宏观分析师姜超介绍,最近海通证券的一致预期调查结果显示,有72%的受访者认为城投债已不再完全具有“金边”属性,城投债正加速告别“信仰时代”。

这一变化也影响了城投债的价格。中债资信统计数据显示,2017年上半年,新发行城投债以发行规模加权的平均利率为5.73%,较2016年同期上涨超过1个百分点。如果只看高信用等级3A级的发债主体,今年上半年其融资成本飙升,3年期大涨167个基点,5年期上涨超过120个基点,7年期更是跳涨近182个基点。虽然7月份城投债发行成本略有下降,然而与今年以来的涨幅相比,也只是“毛毛雨”。

那么,是不是城投债就不能买了呢?

“城投债依然有一定的配置价值。”中诚信国际分析师认为,2016年到2017年以来,城投债与产业债的利差逐步收窄。今年以来,尽管整体城投债与产业债利差和去年相比,已没有明显的“城投信仰”,但从趋势来看,城投债与产业债利差仍有可能小幅走阔。

但需要注意的是,城投债的区域差异越来越明显。目前,城投债的发行成本已经能够明显反映出地区信用的差异。“平均发行成本最高的地区通常是风险较高的地区。”中诚信国际分析师表示,7月份城投债平均发行成本最高的地区是辽宁、河北和贵州,平均发行成本较低的地区是北京和上海,不同区域的信用差异可以从区域经济和财政情况明显表现出来。

业内人士同时表示,投资城投债仍需要以2015年为关键节点。2015年之前发行的城投债被纳入地方存量债务可能性较大,因此安全边际较高;2015年以后的新发城投债,还需更多地关注公司项目及其内部现金流情况。

“投资城投债需要精挑细选。”兴业证券分析师认为,不宜投资较低信用资质和久期更长的城投债。当前,低资质的城投平台往往投融资需求更迫切。相比之下,高等级的城投平台固定资产投资增速已明显回落,投融资需求偏弱。低资质城投平台是政府债务的重点监管对象,理论上应该被要求更高的溢价。随着监管的强化,未来城投债的分化将更为明显。

短期内,由于其他融资方式提供的资金不足以弥补当前的地方融资缺口,地方融资平台的发债需求依然较强。但长期看,监管政策意在开正门、堵偏门,地方政府融资“去城投化”将是大趋势,城投债的信用风险正在积累。不过,姜超同时表示,在地方政府投融资现状下,地方政府对城投公司仍有项目建设上的依赖,城投转型将是一个循序渐进的过程。(经济日报记者 陈果静)

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