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技术达世界领先水平 铁路隧道用上国产重器

2017-08-16 06:53:27   中国经济网

经济日报讯 (记者周斌) 日前,我国自主研制的国内最大直径硬岩掘进机(TBM)“彩云号”在中铁电建总装车间下线,将用于亚洲第一长铁路山岭隧道——云南大理至瑞丽铁路(简称“大瑞铁路”)高黎贡山隧道。该设备填补了国内9米以上大直径硬岩掘进机的空白,将改写我国铁路长大隧道项目机械化施工长期受制于人的历史。这也是国产硬岩掘进机首次应用于铁路隧道,标志着我国硬岩掘进机技术达到世界领先水平。

中铁隧道局集团相关负责人介绍,滇西南地区地质构造运动活跃、地质条件复杂;尤其是高黎贡山,普通钻爆法难以施工,采用世界最先进的大直径敞开式隧道硬岩掘进机施工作业尚属首次,是一个全新的挑战。

自2014年12月29日开工建设的高黎贡山隧道,全长34.538千米,是大瑞铁路重点控制性工程,为中国最长的铁路隧道、亚洲最长的铁路山岭隧道,地质情况之复杂全国罕见。一方面该隧道具有“三高”“四活跃”特征(即高地热、高地应力、高地震烈度,活跃的新构造运动、活跃的地热水环境、活跃的外动力地质条件和活跃的岸坡浅表改造过程),几乎囊括了隧道施工的所有不良地质条件和重大风险;另一方面,高黎贡山被誉为“物种基因库,自然博物馆,天然植物园,南北动植物交汇的走廊”,施工难度在世界隧道工程领域首屈一指。隧道最大埋深1155米,平均埋深800米,进口段穿越18种岩性、12条断层;出口段穿越8种岩性、7条断层,其中2条为活动断层,地质条件复杂多变程度十分罕见,堪称铁路建筑史上的“地质博物馆”。

云南素有“彩云之南”美称,高黎贡山隧道途经的德宏州也被称为“孔雀之乡”。TBM研发设计人员将两大元素结合,别出心裁地在设备外观上用橙、黄、蓝、绿、紫五色绘出一只巨幅孔雀图案,使其拥有一个极富特色的美丽名字——“彩云号”。

“彩云号”TBM的创新不仅仅体现在外观上。中国铁路总公司设立了《复杂地质条件新型TBM研制及应用研究》重大科研课题,由中铁隧道局集团牵头,中铁工程装备集团、石家庄铁道大学、中铁二院、中铁西南院共同参与,中铁工程装备集团负责设备制造。TBM刀盘开挖直径达9.03米,设备在满足快速破岩的同时,还在强化辅助工法方面做了诸多创新,集“诸般武艺于一身”,以应对围岩变形、断层破碎带和岩爆、突水突泥、高地热等掘进中可能遇到的风险。

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