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三类人不适合跑步 运动也需要开“处方”

2017-08-15 16:58:49   海外网

三类人群不适合跑步:一是身体太胖的人,因体重过重会导致跑步时膝盖损伤;二是心肺功能异常人群,突然引发心脏疾病的可能性大、风险较高;三是罗圈腿和平底足的人群。

跑步,已成为当下大众青睐的运动健身方式。然而,前几日有消息称:浙江一40岁男子坚持夜跑15年磨坏了骨头。且不说那些热衷在朋友圈晒步数的爱好者,现在该考虑的问题是,还要继续跑步吗?

跑步究竟会不会导致膝盖损伤,一直以来争议颇多。今年6月,国际医学权威期刊美国《骨科与运动物理治疗杂志》刊文认为,长年的健身跑步对膝盖和髋部的健康有好处。久坐或者不跑步的人膝盖和髋部的关节炎风险将提高。而过量和高强度的跑步可能也会引发关节问题,建议每周跑量的上限为92公里。

运动和磨损是膝盖的天职

“这位跑者损伤的部位是髋关节,一般来说,跑步引发的髋关节损伤并不多见,”北京大学第三医院骨科关节组副主任医师李子剑在接受科技日报记者采访时,分析了一下,这位跑者本身存在先天性髋关节发育不良,这导致其在运动中更容易发生磨损。这只是不太多见的临床个案,不代表跑步就必然引发关节磨损。因此,跑友们没有必要谈跑色变,“但客观来说,还是可以从中吸取经验教训,关键在于学会科学理性地锻炼。”

李子剑表示,运动时说不伤膝盖那是不可能的,无论是跑步还是其他运动,即便是行走都会对膝盖有一定的磨损,只是程度不同而已。但是,膝盖这个器官之所以存在就是了让人运动、为了让人磨损。经常运动能让关节软骨受到适当的刺激,促进新陈代谢。但是李子剑同时指出,任何材料在长期受力的情况下都会磨损,膝关节也是如此。膝盖是一次性的损耗品,具有不可逆性,年轻时修复大于损伤,随着年龄的增长,损伤却大于了修复,因此,只有不断加强膝关节的“力量练习”,才能保证在参与户外活动时候膝关节少受伤害。

李子剑解释说,膝关节是跑步时身体承受压力最大的部位,负重可达到体重的7—10倍。由于运动量太大,或者先天性的膝关节滑膜异常,当跑步时膝关节反复做屈曲和伸直动作,造成关节韧带、软骨受压过大,导致膝关节的韧带和软骨受损,所以跑步时会感觉膝关节疼痛。这可能是业余跑步爱好者对专业的运动保护知识不了解,再加上没有运动前热身,膝盖损伤得更快一些。

就当前的状况来说,不科学的运动方式确实应该引起社会及公众广泛重视。

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