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专家解读近期香港流感疫情:流感暴发有南北差异

2017-08-15 08:27:48   中国经济网

专家解读近期香港流感疫情——

流感暴发也有南北差异

近日,香港流感疫情引起关注。来自香港卫生署卫生防护中心的数据却显示,自今年5月5日至8月6日,香港共监测到456例成人严重流感病例,其中死亡人数达到324例超过了2003年的SARS。

近日,北京市公布流感监测数据显示,目前北京市流感病毒活动度处于较低水平。

为什么南方流感高发,而北方却处于较低水平?

南方比北方多一个流感高峰

对此,北京大学第一医院北京大学第一医院感染疾病科徐京杭副主任医师在接受科技日报记者采访时表示,因为气候与地域条件的不同,导致了南北方流感在不同的季节暴发。“北方省份流感高峰一般只有一个冬春季流行高发期,而南方省份是冬春季和夏季两个高峰,现在这个季节正是南方夏季流感出现病例比较多的时候。”

徐京杭进一步解释说,北方的流感多在冬春季节,这可能与北方冬春季开窗通风少、空气不流通,天气寒冷适合病毒存活有关系。夏季气温高,则不利于病毒存活。而南方春季气温普遍高于北方,而且大部分地区冬季不下雪,气温稍有回升,细菌、病毒等就会大量繁殖,因此,出现流行性感冒等呼吸道感染疫情的可能性更高。另外,按照南方地区流感的发病规律,从5月份起流感将逐步增多,到六七月份出现高峰。

“而且,根据香港发布的疫情报告来看,今年还是以甲型H3N2亚型流感为主要的流行毒株,尚未发生变异。”徐京杭强调,流感与严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)不论在病原、临床病征、严重程度、传播力、治理和预防方法等均有不同。“这两种疾病是不同的病原体,发生在不同的时期,不宜直接进行比较。”

8月8日,中国疾病预防控制中心也发布消息称,季节性流感往往在不同年份呈现流行水平波动的特点,并会相应引起不同数量的住院甚至死亡病例。目前我国南方省份夏季流感流行高峰导致的重症与死亡病例未超出既往水平。

北京近期出现流感的可能性不大

目前,北京市流感病毒活动度处于较低水平。

统计表明,2017年第31周(2017年7月31日—2017年8月6日),北京市144家二级以上医院流感样病例百分比为1.29%,略高于2016年同期水平(1.09%),低于2015年同期水平(1.32%);北京市共采集、检测呼吸道标本295件,流感病毒核酸阳性24件,阳性率为8.14%,其中21件为甲型H3N2亚型流感病毒阳性,2件为甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性,1件为乙型流感病毒阳性;流感病毒核酸阳性率高于2016年同期水平(0.53%),低于2015年同期水平(11.46%)。

北京市疾控中心表示,冬春季和夏季是我国南方地区流感活动的两个高峰期,而我国北方地区流感活动高峰则只出现在冬春季。由于北京市目前处于流感非流行季,根据以往流感监测资料显示,近期在北京市社区内出现流感传播流行的可能性较低。但随着托幼机构和中小学开学以及北京市进入秋冬季后,流感病毒的活动强度将会不断升高,由流感病毒导致学校托幼机构和集体单位的集中发热疫情的可能性或将进一步增加。

北京市疾控中心强调,接种流感疫苗是预防流感的最有效的措施。建议儿童、老年人及患有慢性基础病的流感高危人群在2017年秋季积极接种流感疫苗。本报记者 李 颖

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