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《民法总则》规定网络虚拟财产的意义

2017-08-15 07:14:41   中国经济网

●就像当年认定电能的物的属性具有极大的困难和阻力一样,在今天认定网络虚拟财产的物的属性也具有极大的困难和阻力。尽管如此,《民法总则》终究突破了理论争议上的束缚,在第127条把网络虚拟财产纳入民事权利客体的范畴,为把网络虚拟财产纳入物的范畴奠定了法律基础。

●将网络虚拟财产纳入物的范畴,其价值之一,就是增加了物的种类,丰富了物权客体的内容,这是在工业技术革命发现电能之后,民法关于物的范畴的又一次重大的扩展。

●网络虚拟财产绝对不只是比特币和网络游戏中的武器,这些都属于网络虚拟财产的虚拟动产。在网络虚拟财产中更重要的是网络虚拟不动产,这些财产才具有更大的价值。例如网站,就是网络企业或者是个人投资兴建的网络虚拟不动产,与现实生活中投资建设的建筑物具有相同的价值。

新通过的《民法总则》127条规定:“法律对数据、网络虚拟财产的保护有规定的,依照其规定。”这是我国民法基本法第一次对网络虚拟财产的概念作出规定。尽管这一规定对网络虚拟财产的法律属性没有作出明确界定,但是由于这一概念规定在《民法总则》的“民事权利”一章民事权利客体的位置,因而具有特别重要的价值。

现实的网络虚拟财产问题反映到《民法总则》中

网络虚拟财产是互联网事业发展的科技和物质基础,当互联网技术出现并且迅猛发展之后,必然引起法学界的注意,研究互联网技术发展的物质基础究竟在民法上应当怎样定位。

2004年是网络虚拟财产研究突飞猛进的一年。其原因是在这一年,北京市朝阳区人民法院审理了“红月游戏案”,网游客户保存在网站的武器被盗,网游客户向法院起诉该游戏网站,对其武器未尽保管义务,造成自己的财产损失,请求判决游戏网站承担赔偿责任。法院判决支持了原告的诉讼请求。对于游戏网站保存的网游客户的武器究竟是何法律属性,这一案件提出了法律上的问题,因而使得对网络虚拟财产的研究突然爆发起来。

在法律理论上,网络虚拟财产的法律属性是核心问题。这个问题不解决,法律特别是民法就无法对网络虚拟财产作出规制。但在学界,对网络虚拟财产的法律属性存在不同看法。

正是由于对网络虚拟财产的法律属性的研究既轰轰烈烈又众说纷纭,因而既坚定了《民法总则》规定网络虚拟财产的信念,又导致了《民法总则》在规定网络虚拟财产时的激烈争论面前不得不采取折中的立场。

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