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专家:“热射病”属于中暑等级中最严重一种

2017-08-04 08:12:30   中国经济网

进入8月份,高温天气继续“烤验”大江南北,各地因高温导致的“热射病”时有发生。什么是“热射病”?什么样的天气容易引发“热射病”?人们该如何预防中暑等疾病?记者近日就网友关注的问题采访了相关专家。

湖北网友艾米林:什么是“热射病”?“热射病”到底有多危险?

主持人:中暑等级分为热痉挛—热衰竭—“热射病”。“热射病”属于中暑等级中最严重的一种,通常发生在夏季高温天气,是一种由于高温引起的人体体温调节功能失调,体内热量过度积蓄,从而导致神经器官受损。

据北京协和医院急诊科副主任朱华栋介绍,“热射病”如果不积极治疗,病死率非常高,普遍的病死率可能是50%至70%,如果是老年的病人,70岁以上的死亡率会高达80%。在中暑发展到“热射病”阶段,尽快把病人的体温降下来是至关重要的。

山西网友敏夕:为什么高温天气易中暑或得“热射病”?

主持人:专家解释说,一般人的体温在37℃左右,人体中枢神经系统会围绕着37℃做产热和散热调节。气温一旦接近或高于37℃,身体温度与环境温度的温差变小,或没有温差,身体散热就减慢、困难,甚至是“吸热”。可想而知,体内代谢产生的热散不出去,还不断从外界“吸热”,体温势必升高。严重者会中暑,再严重者就患“热射病”了。

任何生理功能都是有极限,一旦超出了正常生理功能的负荷,身体一定会出现问题。“热射病”患者的体温特别高。病人往往还会有意识障碍,叫不醒、昏迷、抽搐、抽风。

四川网友气若幽兰:如何预防和处理中暑?

主持人:专家提醒,易患中暑倾向者(婴幼儿、老年人、户外工作、职业运动员等)应避免从事高温下、通风不良处强体力劳动,避免穿不透气的衣服劳动,建议进食含盐饮料以不断补充水和电解质,平时多食用新鲜果蔬。如无法避免高温环境下工作,最好备些十滴水、人丹、藿香正气水等药品,以备应急之用。

一旦发生恶心、心慌、意识不清、抽搐等症状时,应立即采取浇水、敷冰等物理降温措施,并且将患者转移到阴凉、通风处。轻度中暑基本可以自行缓解,若是重度中暑就需要及时就医,不要继续工作。

(原文来源:经济日报 本期主持人 吴佳佳)

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