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男子三本献血证血型不一样 血站:难免有误差

2017-08-01 13:14:48   中国青年网

三本献血证上有两种血型 本报记者李宗华摄

近日想去献血,张先生从家里找出几本之前的献血证。

翻了翻,他突然发现了问题。“其中两本上写的我是A型血,一本上是AB型血。这可把我搞糊涂了,我到底是A型血还是AB型血?这几天我都在担心,万一血型不准,有人用了我献的血出啥问题该咋办?”

昨日,张先生联系到三秦都市报记者,讲述了这件困扰了他好几天的烦心事。

三次献血 两个血型

“我是周至人,今年52岁,在西安市工作。以前献血的时候没有留意过血型,每次都是献后就把献血证放抽屉里了,要不是近期想着去献血抽空瞅了一眼,我都不知道还有这么一回事。”据张先生回忆,他第一次献血是在5年前,当时写在他本子上的血型是AB型。

“我记得当时从长乐西路上的一家医院门前路过,见到医院门口有辆献血车在采血,上面挂的牌子写着‘急需AB型血’,就跑去献了血。”张先生说,他当时并不知道自己是什么血型,只觉得能写“急需”就是要救人命的大事。采血车上的工作人员检验后,给他盖上了AB型的标注。“工作人员当时好像是说,像是A又像是AB,就写个AB吧。后来我就把这事给忘了,后面又献了几回。”

记者从张先生的献血证上看到,他第二次、第三次献血分别是2013年、2014年在西安市中心血站的献血车上。这两次标注的血型却都是A型。

3本血型不同的献血证拿在手里,张先生开始觉得有点犯怵:到底哪个才是自己真实的血型?

“万一献的A型血被当成AB型血救人,出事咋办?万一自己以后需要用血,本来是A型,人家一看我献血证上贴的是AB型,用错血咋办?”每次一想到这,他就心头一沉。

血站:现场诸多因素影响 难免有误差

针对张先生的疑虑,昨日中午,记者带着他现场咨询了西安市中心血站某献血点的工作人员。对方告诉记者,在献血点采集的血回到血液中心后,他们还会再次细致鉴定、检测,若初检有误会改正。

工作人员解释说,采集无偿献血前,献血点对献血人的血型只是初步鉴定,容易受到气温、试剂、鉴定时间长短等影响,出现个别鉴定误差在所难免。不过,回到血液中心更为严谨的实验室环境后,工作人员还将对血型进行正、反定型,再次鉴定,以确保鉴定结果的准确性。

“所以说张先生担心给人错用的结果不会出现。至于给自己错用,那更不会,因为如果需要输血,每个医院都会进行化验鉴定后,才会确定病人到底需要什么血型。”该工作人员说。

输错血型会有啥后果

会造成血管内溶血反应。受血者循环系统内输入的红细胞被破坏,释放出游离血红蛋白到血浆中而导致机体发生一系列反应。

典型的症状是在输血10-20ml后出现,随着输入血量增加而加重。开始由于红细胞凝集成团阻塞部分小血管,可引起头部胀痛、面部潮红、恶心、呕吐、有心前区压迫感、四肢麻木、腰背剧痛。继而,由于凝集的红细胞溶解,大量血红蛋白进入血浆中,以致出现黄疸和血红蛋白尿(尿呈酱油色),同时伴以寒颤、高热、呼吸困难、血压下降症状。最后,由于大量溶解的血红蛋白从血浆进入肾小管,遇酸性物质而变成晶体,导致肾小管阻塞。另外,由于抗原、抗体的相互作用,引起肾小管内皮缺血、缺氧而坏死脱落,也可阻塞肾小管。此时,病人会出现急性肾功能衰竭症状。表现为少尿或无尿,尿内出现管型和蛋白,尿素氮滞留,高血钾症和酸中毒,严重者可致死。

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