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上海暂无法打宫颈癌疫苗,相关二价、四价疫苗正在引进中

2017-08-01 08:57:05   中国青年网

二价宫颈癌疫苗已获国家批准,但上海还暂未引进。

7月31日,由英国制药企业葛兰素史克生产的宫颈癌疫苗“希瑞适”(二价HPV疫苗),宣布正式在中国内地上市。该药于2016年7月获得国家食药监局批准,这也是中国内地获批的首个宫颈癌疫苗。

澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)记者当日从相关部门了解到,进口疫苗在国内的上市时间,与各省份疫苗采购到位的时间并不相同,这就意味着并非厂家宣布疫苗在内地上市,市民就能够在所在省份的社区医院注射疫苗。

相关部门表示,目前,中国每个省份的疫苗采购流程不一样,因此时间快慢也不一样。今年根据国家有关规定,上海市采用了全新的集团采购方式进行二类(自费)疫苗采购,较原采购方式增加了企业申报、专家评议、商务谈判等环节。目前,对于宫颈癌疫苗的引进暂无具体时间表,有需求的市民还需耐心等待。

今年5月,由默沙东公司生产的四价HPV疫苗也获得了国家食品药品监督管理总局的批准,与二价HPV疫苗相比,除了预防宫颈癌,还可预防湿疣等疾病。今后,这两种二价、四价HPV疫苗有望都引进上海。

 上海有望同时引进2种疫苗

疾控专家透露,HPV(人乳头瘤病毒)主要通过性行为传播。HPV共有100多种基因型,其中至少有13种基因型可引发宫颈癌或其它少见癌症,如肛门癌、外阴癌、阴道癌和阴茎癌等。研究表明,几乎所有宫颈癌病例都与HPV感染有关。

宫颈癌发病率在中国女性恶性肿瘤中居第2位,仅次于乳腺癌。上海市疾控中心数据统计,上海宫颈癌发病率目前在女性恶性肿瘤中居第9位,死亡率居第13位,年发病率为12.1/10万,年死亡率为3.5/10万。发病顺位较十年前上升了6位。

目前在上海各大妇产科医院内,宫颈癌患者有两个年龄段处于高位态势,一个是25岁至45岁,另一个是55岁至65岁。

目前,国际上在使用的HPV疫苗有三种:二价、四价和九价HPV疫苗,中国国家药监局已经批准了2种。

其中,二价HPV疫苗能预防HPV-16和HPV-18两种基因型的病毒感染,这两种基因型病毒可引起70%的宫颈癌和宫颈癌癌前病变。而四价疫苗在二价疫苗基础上增加了低危的6型和11型病毒。

九价疫苗预防的病毒种类更广,但目前还未在中国内地获批。

相关部门人士表示,上海将有望引进经国家药监局审批通过的这两种疫苗,但引进需要一定的时间和流程,引进时间也上可能存在先后。

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