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专家:童工现象为何屡禁不绝?

2017-06-17 11:36:45   检察日报

原标题:童工现象为何屡禁不绝

门诊问题:童工现象为何屡禁不绝

门诊专家:武汉大学法学院讲师、法学博士班小辉

班小辉

河北省邯郸市丛台区人民检察院检察长韩欣悦

韩欣悦

专家观点

童工是在全世界范围内被各国严格禁止的,我国在许多方面积极采取措施禁止使用童工。

童工问题的存在,有着多方面的原因:包括用人单位对廉价劳动力的追逐,童工自身对就业获取经济利益的需求,也包括我国教育制度存在缺陷,监管部门的执法监察不到位,等等。

解决童工问题需要综合治理,要从严格执法监察、培育社会意识、完善制度等多方面入手。要从预防开始,从问题产生的根源出发,建立长效的综合治理机制,逐步减少乃至消除童工现象。

据2017年5月3日《江门日报》报道,广东省江门市5月2日对第一季度14宗用人单位重大劳动保障违法行为进行了曝光,其中包括非法使用童工、不依法缴纳社保等。而2016年4月26日新华社报道,14岁童工王某由其母亲介绍进入某公司工作,并与公司签订劳动合同,但不久后被发现非正常死亡在出租屋内。另据2016年11月24日新华社报道,常熟服装城是全国最大规模的专业流通市场之一,在常熟服装城周边社区的服装业黑作坊中,非法雇佣童工现象较为突出。

童工问题屡禁不止,给社会带来深深的伤害,也引发公众的广泛关注。为了保护儿童的合法权益,避免过早体力劳动对其身体发育造成伤害,国内外立法均明确禁止使用童工,但童工现象仍然潜滋暗长。童工现象为何屡禁不止?为禁止童工而作出的立法有哪些?如何才能有效预防、解决童工问题?近日,笔者采访了武汉大学法学院讲师、法学博士班小辉,河北省邯郸市丛台区人民检察院检察长韩欣悦。

有关童工的国内外立法

班小辉介绍,童工在全世界范围内被各国严格禁止,我国也在许多方面积极采取措施禁止使用童工。从对接国际法上看,我国分别于1998年和2002年批准了国际劳工组织的《准予就业最低年龄公约》和《禁止和立即行动消除最恶劣形式的童工劳动公约》。从国内立法看,我国的劳动法、未成年人保护法等法律均明确规定,禁止用人单位招用不满16周岁的未成年人。2002年国务院颁布实施的《禁止使用童工规定》进一步对使用童工的监督、处罚等问题作了规定。根据该规定,用人单位在招用人员时,必须核查身份证件。若用人单位违法使用童工,将承担相应的行政责任甚至刑事责任。而在禁止使用童工的监督保障方面,县级以上人力资源和社会保障部门负责对禁止使用童工的执行情况进行监督检查,公安、工商行政管理、教育、卫生等行政部门负责在各自职责范围内对禁止使用童工执行情况进行监督检查,并对人力资源和社会保障部门的监督检查给予配合。若国家工作人员存在法定失职行为,将面临相应的行政处罚乃至刑事责任。

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