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毕业生承诺薪酬遭"腰斩" 暴露三方协议短板

2017-05-26 09:59:34   中国教育报

临近毕业季,早已和某大型国企签约的700名大学生,近日突然收到了一份关于调整薪酬结构和工作地点的通知。据此,他们在见习期内的工资,将比招聘时承诺的降低一半,并且工作地点也要改变。

对于签约的毕业生来说,这份突如其来的通知的确有点难以接受。明明已经签订了就业协议书,为什么说变就变?可是,如果不接受,就意味着这些同学还得继续“找活干”,难度可想而知。

可是,想要追究签约单位的法律责任,却没那么容易。所谓就业协议书,是明确毕业生、用人单位、学校三方在毕业生就业工作中权利和义务的“预合同”,能解决应届毕业生户籍、档案、保险、公积金等一系列问题,通常也被称作“三方协议”,具有一定的法律效力。

但是,“三方协议”并不是劳动合同,所以不能用劳动法来处理,只能靠合同法来约束。对于有劳动关系的情况,“劳动条件、劳动报酬”都在劳动合同中,用人方一旦违背,劳动者即可解除合同,获得经济补偿。而“三方协议”撕毁后,只能按照“合同”约定,给予一定违约赔偿,一般不会超过5000元。对财大气粗的用人单位,即便是“朝三暮四”,也不必“投鼠忌器”。

其实,很多时候用人单位也是“受害者”。为找份理想的工作,毕业生们“待价而沽”“脚踏两只船”的情况多有存在,虽签了“三方协议”,但到了反悔的时候,也是毫不犹豫。与一份关系终身的好工作相比,付出点违约金又算什么呢?有的干脆跟学校就业部门说“三方协议”丢了,要个新编号文本;或者上两天班就办离职,回校重办报到证,连违约金都不必交了。如此,企业是“赔了夫人又折兵”。

对校方来说,毕业生的真实就业情况其实并不重要,要紧的是签下“三方协议”。有了“白纸黑字”,统计数据就能上来了,既完成了上级任务,又利于对外宣传,今年学生就业率又创新高。盖个印戳、制个派遣证,就能得到这么多的好处,何乐而不为呢?

看似牢靠的“三方协议”,酿出“学生作难、企业抱怨、学校为难”的尴尬局面。诚然,对于“承诺薪酬腰斩”现象,社会舆论发挥着积极作用,但“釜底抽薪”还得靠法律说话。据媒体报道,上文提到的某国企在官网发布公告,回应“签约毕业生后骤降薪酬”相关处理情况,表示将履行承诺,并向毕业生致歉。问题是,难道每一次爽约,都要靠媒体报道发力挽救?

从经济学上看,每个人都是理性的经济人。如果撕毁“三方协议”的经济成本,达到了让协议方心痛的程度,也就能真正对他们产生约束作用。当然,这种成本不完全是经济责任,还应包括信用惩罚。对于性质恶劣的出尔反尔,有必要让负面信息进入个人信用档案,这样也会更有约束力。

但是,归根结底,出现“承诺薪酬腰斩”等问题,还是因为“三方协议”这种就业形式已经落后于时代发展。在市场经济的今天,还将校方、企业、个人与就业强制捆绑,表面看刺激了学生就业,实则不利于劳动力市场的稳定运行。

从长远看,应当实现毕业生就业与市场经济的全面接轨。作为校方,关键的是为学生就业提供优良教育,以及可靠的参考信息。社会则应健全就业保障制度体系,为即将跨出校门的毕业生,提供户籍、档案、保险、公积金等方面的优质服务。

作者刘婷婷(作者系第四军医大学副教授、法学博士)

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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