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千人供精仅100人合格 专家:一年不如一年(图)

2016-05-30 11:26:48   华商网

医生在分析样本

据国内精子库检测权威报告,正常成年男性精子合格率不足30%。西北妇女儿童医院人类精子库2015年供精者1000人,合格者仅100人,但用精者有1400人。专家说,精子一年不如一年,但精子需求量越来越多。是什么原因导致精子质量不断下降?怎样才能提高精子质量?

5月14日,西安的天气有点凉,秦岭山里下起了雪。“心跟下了雪一样冷”,小青说。因为结婚七年一直没生育,成了她的一块心病。近期她和丈夫再次来到医院检查,结果是丈夫精子质量无法达到怀孕标准。在西安高新区一茶馆接受采访时,大学老师小青说,自己40岁了,“做不了妈妈可怎么办啊”。

小杨夫妻是80后,都是独生子女,现在大女儿已经7岁了。三年前,他们开始要二胎,却一直没成功,为此双方家人都比较着急。专门到医院检查,没想到的是,男方精子质量比较差。为何第一胎怀孕非常顺利,到现在精子却出现质量问题?小杨夫妻俩有点不明白。

随着国家全面放开二孩政策,一些70后夫妻也想要二孩。43岁的西安市民李子经过近一年努力,还是没有成功,没办法的情况下,李子跟妻子商量,采取人工受精或做试管怀孕。

精子质量一年不如一年

西北妇女儿童医院人类精子库(以下简称省妇幼精子库)主任医师、副主任张洲介绍,男科不育症是从上世纪七十年代才开始发展起来的学科,男性不孕疾病逐年增加,精子质量一年不如一年。

张洲说,目前常规精液质量检查的项目主要包括:精子浓度、精子活力、精子存活率、精子形态(畸形)、炎症感染(病原体感染)等。

公开数据报道称,目前多数研究认为,全球成年男性的精液质量在不同年代呈现出下降趋势。国外学者等用专业分析法研究显示,50年来全球性的精子计数呈下降趋势,平均每次射精量由1940年的3.4ml下降到1990年的2.7ml,精子密度由1940年的113×10/ml下降到1990年的66×10/ml。我国学者研究显示,近25年来中国正常男性精子计数、活动率和正常形态率均存在下降趋势。

世界卫生组织对人类精液检查中,将1999年制定的精子密度达标的标准,从每毫升2000万个精子算正常,降低到了如今的1500万个精子算正常。而1990年这一达标数值是6600万。

据中国精子库的公开数据显示,近年来全国不孕不育患者都在增加。据统计,在中国,每年约有10万试管婴儿出生,目前,中国不孕不育患者已超过4000万,占育龄人口的12.5%。不孕夫妇呈年轻化趋势。在我国,需要辅助生殖助孕的育龄妇女大约有300万,其中男性不育达到40%,而“无精症”约占15%—20%。男性不育多是因为弱精症、无精症。

西北妇女儿童医院生殖中心每年的不孕不育夫妇通过采取试管辅助生殖技术受孕的有6000例左右,其中男性不育占三分之一。我省成规模的精子库除了省妇幼精子库外,还有西京医院、唐都医院、交大一附院等。目前,我省每年不孕不育夫妇采取试管辅助生殖技术受孕约有1.5万人,其中男性不育因素大概占到了三分之一。

捐精成功获约3000元补助

精子合格率下降,需要精子的数量逐年增加,这一困局只能通过捐精来打破。国内到精子库供精检查的正常成年男性,精子合格率不足30%。

以省妇幼精子库为例,2011年精子库成立至今,共有1万多市民捐献精子,捐精人数逐年上涨,但是经过筛查体检后的合格率却逐年下降。每位前来捐献精子的市民都会得到免费体检,看是否达到捐献标准。最初还能达到近30%的合格率,到2014年已降到不足15%,2015年捐精者1000人左右,合格人数仅100人。据了解,目前捐精者以20岁到30岁居多,其中20多岁的在校大学生占了近一半,即便是这个最佳年龄段,精子质量都在下降。

对于捐精者,会有一定的补助。张洲介绍,捐精者一般需要来10次,才能完成捐精事项。一般来3次时,进行体检和取精,进行一系列检测,在第6次时完成取精,随后再进行检查。之所以要10次,就是为了严格筛查,保证质量。半年后还要进行复查身体(这次不用捐精)。捐精成功会得到3000元左右的补助。

2015年,省妇幼精子库捐精合格者仅100人,用精者在1400人,使用的多是往年储藏的精子,现在库存约有2万份。

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