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无人机与其“克星”演绎矛与盾故事

2018-04-15 11:10:56    新华网

实际上,在当今战场上,无人机正朝着隐形化、蜂群化和超高空化等方向发展。

首先是隐形化,美国的X-47B无人机就是典型一例。2013年5月14日,美国海军X-47B无人机在“布什”号航母上完成了首次弹射起飞试验。它也是世界上首款专门设计的隐身舰载无人机。不过,《美国军事网站》曾援引五角大楼消息称,因X—47B隐形性能稍显不足,其主要功能将从无人轰炸机转为无人加油机。

其次是蜂群化,如果说隐形化是为了让反无人机系统“看不见”,那么蜂群化就是要让无人机目标多得“打不完”。美国海军的“蝗虫”计划就是无人机蜂群化的一种尝试。据美国《大众机械》介绍,这种无人机成本低廉,从发射管中弹出后即起飞,可形成几十架无人机组成的机群。按照美国海军要求,一个无人机群的成本甚至要低于一枚导弹的价格。

再次是超高空化,这是为了使反无人机系统无法够到无人机目标。以美国波音公司研发的“鬼眼”无人机为例,该无人机可在近两万米高空实施长达4天的侦察作业。据官网介绍,英国切斯动力公司的反无人机系统有效作用范围也不过10公里。

  反无人机系统随之发展

为了应对层出不穷的无人机威胁,反无人机系统也在随之发展。

隐形无人机“看不见”的威胁,使得各国纷纷展开反隐技术研究。中国在这一领域已经取得显著成绩。中国电子科技集团研制出了反隐身先进米波雷达。在去年的阿布扎比防务展上,中国保利科技有限公司展出的“寂静狩猎者”激光防御系统主打功能之一就是对抗无人机。

目前要想击落高空无人机,只能依靠传统防空系统,如防空导弹或高空战斗机等,每次拦截代价不菲。2017年9月和11月,以色列军方用“爱国者”导弹先后击落了两架试图进入以控空域的无人机。据美国《全球安全网站》数据显示,PAC-2型“爱国者”导弹最大射高可达到24公里,足以击落“鬼眼”无人机等高空无人机。

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