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正式废除奥巴马政府推出的《清洁电力计划》 美国气候政策再开“倒车”

2017-10-13 08:26:53   

10月10日,美国环境保护局局长斯科特·普鲁伊特签署一份文件,宣布将废除此前奥巴马政府推出的《清洁电力计划》。《清洁电力计划》是奥巴马政府气候政策的支柱,此番特朗普政府正式提出废除该计划,被普遍视为是美国在应对气候变化问题上的进一步倒退。

《清洁电力计划》于2015年推出,要求美国各州发电厂到2030年将温室气体排放量在2005年基础上减少32%。美国最高法院此前裁定,美国环保局必须就减排问题拿出监管方案,如今特朗普政府在没有公布任何新的温室气体排放控制方案的情况下废除《清洁电力计划》,引起了诸多批评。

  再次延续倒退的气候政策

就普鲁伊特最新签署的这份文件,美国环保局专门发布声明称,经过对《清洁电力计划》的仔细审查,发现该计划超越了法律赋予环保局的权限。该声明还指出,废除《清洁电力计划》将有助于更好利用美国的能源资源,减少不必要的监管障碍。美国环保局将在相关政策建议正式文本公布后60天内听取公众意见。

一直以来,普鲁伊特坚持认为《清洁电力计划》越权的逻辑主要是,该计划并非聚焦于让煤炭发电企业通过内部改造提升效率,而是给这些企业施加了转向可再生能源的压力,因此是选择了以“一种能源压倒另一种能源”。普鲁伊特认为,这是政府在利用职权挑选“赢家”和“输家”。9日,在美国主要煤炭产地肯塔基州的一场集会上,普鲁伊特还表示,自己废除《清洁电力计划》的举动意味着“反对煤炭的战争已经结束”。

特朗普政府成立以来,对煤炭等传统能源行业表现出明显的支持态度,认为这有助于保护就业。废除《清洁电力计划》无疑延续了这一主张。今年3月,特朗普就任两个月即签署一份名为“能源独立”的行政命令,要求评估修改《清洁电力计划》。今年6月,特朗普更是正式对外宣布,美国将退出应对全球气候变化的《巴黎协定》,引起国际社会广泛批评。

普鲁伊特在美国政界属于气候变化怀疑论者的代表。有媒体报道,普鲁伊特本人与俄克拉何马州的能源行业联系密切。在他担任俄克拉何马州检察长期间,普鲁伊特曾与另外20多个州的检察长一起把环保局告上法庭,认为《清洁电力计划》违法,要求暂缓实施。2016年2月,美国最高法院同意这一请求,导致原定2022年才生效的《清洁电力计划》实际上从未进入执行阶段。

根据此前奥巴马政府的相关计算,实施《清洁电力计划》将减少空气中的污染物,随之带来的气候与健康收益将于2030年起达到每年250亿—450亿美元。特朗普政府则认为《清洁电力计划》夸大了减少温室气体排放将给美国带来的收益。特朗普3月签署的行政命令即要求重新评估温室气体排放的“社会成本”。

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