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新闻分析:美国废除《清洁电力计划》后果几何

2017-10-11 13:41:53   

新华社华盛顿10月10日电 新闻分析:美国废除《清洁电力计划》后果几何

新华社记者林小春

不出意料,美国环境保护局10日以不合法为由,宣布废除奥巴马政府推出的气候政策《清洁电力计划》。分析人士认为,这一争议性决定并不能帮助美国煤炭行业复苏,反而会减缓美国向低碳能源转型的进程,进一步损害了美国在应对气候变化问题上的国际形象。

  《清洁电力计划》缘何重要

《清洁电力计划》之所以关键,是因为它的监管对象是美国碳排放“大户”——发电厂,后者在美国国内碳排放总量中所占比例达三分之一。根据《清洁电力计划》,美国各州需制定计划,到2030年将发电厂的排放量减少到比2005年低32%的水平。

然而,削减发电厂的碳排放在美国是个敏感的政治话题。奥巴马曾尝试在其第一个总统任期内推动国会通过一项碳排放限额交易法案,结果该法案被参议院否决,主要原因之一是来自煤炭行业和产煤各州的阻力。

到了第二任期,奥巴马为了政治遗产放手一搏,于2015年正式推出《清洁电力计划》,这也是美国政府兑现《巴黎协定》承诺目标的一个关键组成部分。

但是,一些行业组织和美国27个州随即把美国环保局告上法庭,以《清洁电力计划》不合法为由要求暂缓实施。2016年2月,美国最高法院以5票对4票同意了这一请求。

《清洁电力计划》原定2022年才生效,在美国最高法院下令暂缓实施后,该政策就此搁浅,实际上从未进入执行阶段。

  废除后对美国影响几何

《清洁电力计划》由美国前环保局局长吉娜·麦卡锡领衔制定并推出。麦卡锡在一份声明中回应说,废除《清洁电力计划》,同时没有任何时间表或承诺提出新规定减少碳污染,这是气候政策的“全面倒退”。

对于普鲁伊特宣布废除《清洁电力计划》,行业反应不一。一些美国贸易组织称赞说,这是正确的决定,让美国电力生产厂家“感到巨大的解脱”,也是增加国内化石能源生产、让民众用上可靠而又负担得起的电力的关键一步,将推动美国经济增长;而一些环保组织批评道,这是给化石能源行业污染空气发放自由通行证,所推翻的计划原本能防止成千上万早产儿死亡和儿童哮喘病例。这一举动也为美国向可再生能源转型泼了一盆冷水,将伤害美国的安全和经济。

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