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原标题:它香臭香臭的,原因何在?榴莲完整基因组序列公布
科技日报北京10月10日电(记者张梦然)英国《自然·遗传学》杂志9日在线发表的一篇论文报告,新加坡科学家发布了榴莲的完整基因组序列,有助于人们从分子角度认识这一物种,从而真正理解使其产生独特口味和气味的基因及代谢过程。
榴莲作为热带最著名的“重口味”水果,因其独一无二的口感和刺激性气味,既被喜欢它的人誉为一种“流连忘返”的美味,又被厌恶它的人嫌弃为恶臭,它的气味常常被比作像洋葱和硫。目前在东南亚国家,榴莲已成为水果产业的龙头产品,种植面积、产量和出口额日渐增长。
此次,新加坡国家癌症中心与杜克—新加坡国立大学医学院的科学家们合作,使用互补性单分子DNA测序和染色体支架技术,为猫山王榴莲梗组装了一个高质量参照基因组。通过与其他近亲植物(包括可可和棉花)进行对比分析,研究人员在榴莲中发现了一个可能和棉花一样的古代全基因组复制事件。
研究团队还分析了果实成熟期间的基因表达,发现榴莲果实器官中的硫代谢基因活性水平高于非果实器官中的。与榴莲的近亲相比,榴莲含有更多参与挥发性硫化合物生物合成的基因拷贝,表明这种演化上的扩增是榴莲气味产生的基础。
不同的榴莲品种和品系具有不同的口味和气味刺激度,绘制出榴莲基因组序列以及对硫代谢基因的分析,有助于理解榴莲的这些特征,对于榴莲产业具有重要意义。
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