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日本众院被安倍强行解散 “首相专权”遭受质疑

2017-09-29 09:52:52   

【环球网报道 记者 马丽】日本众院在9月28日下午的全体会议上被解散,日本在野党对首相安倍晋三的政治姿态提出批评,称其在临时国会伊始解散众院是“任性的解散、临阵脱逃的解散”,摆出了在选战中全面对决的姿态。对安倍解散众院正当性的质疑声不绝于耳。

日本政府及执政党主张称“解散是首相的专权事项”。然而很多专家认为《宪法》条文未明确规定、凭首相的判断可自由解散这一解释存在问题。尤其对此次解散“最大目的是维持政权”的质疑无法消除,解散做法本身也可能成为争论焦点。

据共同社报道,过不信任案或信任案遭到否决时,如十日内不解散众院必须总辞职。

第7条规定,解散众院是天皇根据内阁的建议与承认,为国民行使的“国事行为”。据称解散乃首相专权事项这一认识是以该条文为依据。最高法院1960年的大法庭判决中称“具有高度政治性的国家行为属于法院审查权以外”,用“统治行为论”来避免作出判断。基于第7条的众院解散在那之后也多次出现。

前检察官、律师乡原信郎指出:“若考虑到立法的过程和意图,解散应当仅限于根据第69条。使根据第7条的解散成为既成事实、被视为首相专权事项的做法是对‘议会内阁制’的轻视。”安倍此次在内阁支持率回升、民进党混乱的情况下决定解散众院,对此乡原批评称“在任何时候都能强行决定的机制中,议员的立场变得无足轻重,执政党内部的讨论被封杀”。

日本大学法学部教授岩渊美克也表示:“在议会制民主主义下,让国民选出的议员辞职是非常重大的判断,应当控制行使解散权。”安倍说明称解散的理由是改变消费税增税部分的用途,对此岩渊也表示怀疑道:“决定解散的时机全由首相官邸主导,就像是首相的独裁。到底是没有应问信于民的‘正当理由’,过于粗暴。”

本次选战中,围绕修改第7条以限制解散权的讨论能否深入将备受瞩目。

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