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安倍将在国会伊始解散众院 在野党:实际上违反宪法

2017-09-27 21:26:50   

据日本共同社报道,对于日本首相安倍晋三将在28日召集的临时国会伊始解散众院,在野党和专家纷纷指出此举“实际上违反宪法”。

据报道,《宪法》第53条规定,“众参两院的任何一方若有四分之一以上议员提出要求,内阁就必须决定召集临时国会”。九州大学教授南野森(宪法学)就该条款的主旨指出,“这是赋予少数派在野党的宪法上的顾及举措,对于内阁则明确了负有决定召集的义务”。

日本首相安倍晋三。

在野党方面此次于6月22日向众参两院提交了要求召集的文件,理由是探明学校法人“森友”、“加计”两学园问题的疑云。虽然宪法未对召集的期间做出规定,但前内阁法制局长官阪田雅裕表示,“宪法的主旨是‘在合理的期间内’,这也是历来的政府立场。如果需要花费较多时间,也有责任说明理由”。

3个月可否说是“合理的期间内”呢?自民党在2012年的宪法修改草案中规定“20天以内”召集。该草案的问答集也介绍说,“认为切实召集(国会)是理所当然的意见很多”。

报道指出,过去有小泉纯一郎内阁2003年和2005年未同意在野党召集要求的前例,不过当时都是11月提出要求,翌年1月就召开了例行国会。南野鉴此指出,3个月置之不理是“违宪”。

据悉,安倍内阁2015年也未同意召集要求。此次虽然召集临时国会,但甚至连首相施政演说和各党代表质询都不会实施,就径直解散众院。南野表示:“这是不加解释就强调解散众院并无问题。让人觉得从一开始就不打算尊重宪法,呈现出藐视的姿态。不尊重宪法的政权是否有资格主张修宪呢?”

阪田也指出:“如果是为了不进行审议而解散(众院),那就违背了宪法的主旨。包括解散权的行使是否合理在内,国民最终将通过投下一票来做出审判。”

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