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外媒:将气候变化归罪中国的做法不厚道

2017-09-28 17:17:50   

“这都是中国的错”,在谈到气候变化时,你会经常听到这样的指责,附加一些加拿大排放量多么小的补充说明。这是真话还是谎言?以下是关于中国排放量和行动的一些事实,并与加拿大进行了一些比较。

排放

中国的确是世界上最大的温室气体排放国。据世界资源研究所公布的数据,中国的碳排放量在2005年超过了美国,并一直保持迅猛增长。2012年中国的碳排放量接近110亿吨,约占全球总排放量的25%。相比之下,加拿大的排放量为7.16亿吨,仅占1.6%。

加拿大Suncor油砂工厂烟囱冒出浓烟

但这只是部分事实,以下还有两个更重要的事实。首先中国的人口有13.5亿,平均下来每个中国人的年碳排放量只有约8吨;而加拿大的人均碳排放量为每年20.5吨,是中国的2.5倍。如果世上所有人都像加拿大人一样生活,全球碳排放量将是现在的3倍。

第二,中国现在正经历排放密集型工业化进程,这是过去一个世纪来,加拿大和其他西方国家为打造第一世界的生活方式也曾经历过的。工业化伴随着大量碳排放。若把加拿大的历史碳排放量全部加起来,再按照今天的人口平均一下,你会发现每个加拿大人都背负着800吨的历史碳排放量。而以同样的方式计算,中国的人均历史排放量为113吨,仅为我们的七分之一。所以综合考虑,加拿大人免除了自己对气候变化的所有责任而归罪于中国是不厚道的。

可再生能源

中国是世界上最大的煤炭消费者,其三分之一的电力仍然来自于火力发电,因此许多城市的空气质量很糟糕,但这种情况正在很快转变。10年前中国几乎没有风力发电,今天的中国是风力发电的领先者,其风力发电量是欧洲的总和,超出美国的两倍。仅2015年一年,中国就安装了产能达31千兆瓦的风电设备

现在的中国已成为太阳能发电的领先者。中国计划在2020年前,将太阳能发电量提高到150千兆瓦。4年前,中国的电动车或混合动力车很少,今天它的新能源汽车超过50万辆,在世界上同样是领先者。去年中国宣布计划关闭1000多座煤矿和大量火力发电站。2015年中国在清洁能源上的投资超过1000亿美元,是美国的两倍还多。可以肯定的是,中国还有很长一段路要走,未来一段时期中国还将继续使用煤炭。但想象一下,如果所有国家都按照中国的规模来行动,世界的进步该有多大。

2017年5月18日,中国首次海域可燃冰试采成功。

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