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伊拉克库区举行公投 土耳其有“三招”严惩

2017-09-27 06:46:53   

在各方反对声中,伊拉克库尔德自治区(库区)25日举行独立公投。土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安当天表示,土耳其决不能允许伊拉克北部出现一个库尔德国家,土耳其将关闭与库区边境口岸、切断库区经由土耳其的石油出口管道,并不排除必要时采取军事行动。

独立公投25日在库区政府管辖的埃尔比勒、苏莱曼尼亚和杜胡克三省及北部基尔库克省等争议地区举行。此次公投结果不具约束性,即公投即便支持独立,也不一定代表库区将正式宣布独立。

紧邻库区的土耳其先前已经多次施压。埃尔多安25日在伊斯坦布尔发表讲话时再次表示,作为惩戒,土耳其将关闭与伊拉克的唯一陆上过境口岸哈布尔口岸,“进出双向都将关闭”。

另外,“这次事情过后,看他们还有什么渠道出口石油,”埃尔多安说,“又能把石油卖给谁。阀门在我们这边,我们一关,这事儿就完了。”

库区石油日产量是60万桶,其中25万桶来自库区理论管辖范围之外的基尔库克省。这60万桶石油中,又有55万桶经由土耳其出口。库区深处内陆,没有出海口,输油管道只能借道周边国家,这条输油管道也是库区重要的经济生命线。

另外,埃尔多安说,不论库区公投结果如何,土方都认定为无效、非法。“伊拉克北部当局必须后退一步,我们决不能容忍一个联邦国家的出现,正如我们决不能允许一个恐怖国家在叙利亚出现。”

埃尔多安谈及在叙利亚展开的“幼发拉底盾牌”行动,称夜间突袭对土耳其而言是家常便饭。土耳其能在叙利亚这样做,也能在伊拉克库区行动。“必要时,我们在伊拉克不会回避这类行动。”

2016年8月,土耳其军队发起代号为“幼发拉底盾牌”的行动,越境进入叙利亚北部,打击“伊斯兰国”并防止叙北部库尔德人势力坐大。行动持续至今年3月底结束。

库尔德势力一直是土耳其的心头大患。库尔德人是中东地区仅次于阿拉伯、突厥和波斯民族的第四大民族,是西亚最古老的民族之一,总人口约3000万,主要分布在土耳其东南部、伊朗西北部、伊拉克北部和叙利亚东北部。虽然人口众多,但库尔德人没有自己的国家,一战以来一直在为建国举事,但均以失败告终。

土耳其的库尔德人口有1200多万,主要分布在东南部几个有石油资源的省份。土耳其最为人所知的分裂组织是库尔德工人党。库尔德工人党成立于1979年,试图通过武力在土耳其、伊拉克、伊朗与叙利亚交界处的库尔德人聚居区建立独立国家,被土耳其、美国和欧盟视作恐怖组织。

库尔德工人党主要活动于伊拉克与土耳其接壤的高山地区。近年来,土耳其军方时常发动越境空袭和小规模地面行动,招致伊拉克方面不满。

土耳其担心,一旦伊拉克库区公投独立,叙利亚北部库尔德自治区效仿,土耳其境内库尔德人势必有所动作,库区公投产生的连锁反应将严重威胁土耳其国家安全和领土完整。

此前,土耳其监管部门广播电视最高理事会已经“封杀”了3家库区电视台。而从18日起,土耳其在土伊边境口岸哈布尔附近的锡洛皮举行了军事演习,演习将持续到26日,即库区独立公投后一天。埃尔多安25日再次警告称,在锡洛皮的武装部队没事儿不会行动,但土耳其“不会妥协”。(陈立希)(新华社专特稿)

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