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科普:水母也睡觉

2017-09-24 15:51:52   新华网

新华社北京9月24日电 美国一项最新研究发现,生活在海洋中的一种古老的水母也存在类似睡眠的状态。连没有中枢神经系统的水母也需要睡眠,研究人员认为,这表明睡眠是物种进化过程中最古老的行为状态之一。

加州理工学院研究人员在新一期美国《当代生物学》杂志上报告说,为探究水母等没有中枢神经系统的刺胞动物是否也会睡觉,他们决定对喜欢“倒立”的仙女水母展开研究。

仙女水母会不停地收缩其环状肌肉。研究发现,它们的收缩频率白天为每分钟58次,而夜间则会降至每分钟39次。为测试这些水母夜间对刺激的反应是否更慢,研究人员将它们放置在一个垂直的充水管中,然后突然抽掉底部支撑,让它们不得不寻找新的“基地”,结果发现它们在夜间的寻找时间更长。

此外,如果夜间受到干扰,水母们白天的收缩活动会下降17%,就好像夜里没睡好,白天需要“补觉”一样。

水母这种古老的生物已经存在了至少6亿年。研究人员说,只具有弥散神经系统的仙女水母也存在类似睡眠的状态,这表明睡眠状态在中枢神经系统出现之前已经存在。研究人员猜测,睡眠可能是整个动物界保留的一种基本需求,但其最初如何发生还有待进一步研究。

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