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“超级疟疾”在东南亚蔓延

2017-09-24 13:41:51   新华网

新华社北京9月24日电(记者李雯)越南、泰国和英国研究人员在新一期英国《柳叶刀·传染病》杂志上刊文说,令主流疗法失效的“超级疟疾”正在东南亚传播,柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸、老挝和越南都已经出现疫情。研究人员警告,如不能得到有效控制,“超级疟疾”可能会进一步扩散传播。

文章详述了疟原虫是如何基因变异,从而对青蒿素、哌喹这些主流抗疟药产生抗药性的。“超级疟疾”最早于2007年在柬埔寨发现,随后扩散到泰国、老挝、缅甸,如今越南南部也报告出现了“超级疟疾”疫情。

在越南,对青蒿素类治疗药物产生抗药性的疟疾病例已经占到全部疟疾病例的三分之一。在柬埔寨某些地区,这一比例更是接近60%。

文章作者、英国牛津大学教授尼古拉斯·怀特指出,疟疾抗药性已成为公共卫生紧急状况,人们需要尽快解决这个问题。

疟疾是一种由疟原虫引起的急性传染病,多由蚊子叮咬传播。据世界卫生组织统计,全球每年共出现约2亿例疟疾病例,约60万患者死亡,其中大多数感染者和死亡病例出现在非洲。

近年来,疟疾抗药性问题格外令人关注。专家表示,疟疾抗药性并非意味着青蒿素完全无效,而是疟原虫对青蒿素的敏感性降低。研究表明,如果将现行青蒿素类药物的疗程由3天延长到7天,绝大部分的疟原虫还是可以被杀死的。

怀特说,由于青蒿素最早用于东南亚地区,所以该地区的柬埔寨等国最早出现了疟原虫抗药性问题。在开发出新一代抗疟药物之前,复方青蒿素抗疟药疗法仍然是对抗疟疾的最有效手段。

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