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尼安德特人的孩子生长模式与现代人很相似

2017-09-23 13:31:54   新华网

新华社华盛顿9月22日电(记者林小春)美国《科学》杂志22日发表的一项研究报告说,根据对一具保存较好的尼安德特人儿童骨架的分析,欧洲古人类尼安德特人在孩童时期成长缓慢,其模式跟现代人非常相似。

这具尼安德特人儿童骨架发现于西班牙北部一个有4.9万年历史的洞穴,除了包括乳牙在内的30颗牙齿外,还有部分头颅和部分骨骼。与这具儿童骨架一起发现的还有7名成年人和另5名孩子的遗骸。

基于这些牙齿、骨骼和头颅,研究人员推断,这个孩子是一个男孩,7.7岁时死亡,当时体重26千克,身高1.1米。

论文作者、西班牙国家自然科学博物馆古人类学小组成员路易斯·里奥在电话记者会上说:“我们在这个尼安德特人身上所看到的是,他们的总体生长模式与现代人类非常相似。”

负责研究的该小组主席安东尼奥·罗萨斯在记者会上说,这种相似可能意味着“我们继承了他们(尼安德特人)的生长模式……我们所认为的现代人——智人——独一无二的特征也许并不是那么独特。”

尼安德特人是远古分布在欧洲大陆的最主要古人类,是与现代人在进化学上最近的亲族。约3万年前,尼安德特人逐渐灭绝,进而被现代人的祖先取代。

令人感兴趣的是,尼安德特人的大脑比现代人大,尽管这不代表他们比现代人更聪明。一些人认为这是因为尼安德特人大脑生长速度较快;而另外一些人提出,这反映了他们脑组织生长的时间较长。

最新研究显示,这个尼安德特人男孩死亡时大脑才发育了87.5%,而同龄现代人的大脑已基本发育完成。此外,他的某些椎骨尚未融合。而在现代人中,这些椎骨往往在4至6岁时就已融合完成。不过,研究人员无法确定他的死因。

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