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综述:“地震之国”智利的抗震四招

2017-09-22 21:16:57   新华网

新华社圣地亚哥9月22日电 综述:“地震之国”智利的抗震四招

新华社记者党琦 王沛

墨西哥中部发生7.1级地震后,联合国灾害评估与协调队的智利专家21日抵达墨西哥,帮助墨西哥救援人员确定在坍塌建筑物中实施救援的行动方案。

正在纽约出席第72届联合国大会的墨西哥外交部长路易斯·比德加赖20日也当面向智利总统米歇尔·巴切莱特提出,希望智利派遣地震救援专家帮助救灾。

用智利外长埃拉尔多·穆尼奥斯的话说,这是因为智利应对地震经验丰富。

智利经受过人类有记录以来最强地震——1960年5月的9.5级大地震,经受过2010年2月8.8级大地震,也经受过不计其数的7级以上地震。根据美国地质勘探局统计,有记录以来全世界最强烈的6次大地震有2次就发生在智利。最近8年来智利已发生3次8级以上大地震。

智利地处环太平洋地震带,位于纳斯卡板块与南美板块交界处,地震灾害频仍。多年来,经历一场又一场严酷的地震考验,一个个鲜活生命的代价让智利人积攒下宝贵的抗震减灾经验。

根据智利国家地震监测中心和智利国家应急办公室的数据,2017年4月智利中部发生6.9级地震,无人员伤亡,无重大财产损失;2016年12月智利南部发生7.6级地震,公路断裂,无人员伤亡;2015年9月智利中北部发生8.4级浅源地震,伴有海啸以及7.6级前震和7.1级余震,造成15人死亡。

相较于此次墨西哥地震,智利类似地震造成的伤亡人数要少得多。

在智利能明显感受到,智利人对于7级以下地震是不太担心的,一般也不会有人员伤亡,至于6级以下地震更是“家常便饭”。比如8月30日智利发生5级地震,几乎无人提起。

智利人的底气在哪儿?

智利抗震减灾靠的是四招:一是建筑抗震高标准、严要求;二是地震监测网络和海啸预警系统完善;三是紧急救援到位;四是全民防灾意识强。

首先,智利是一个建筑抗震技术输出国,房屋抗震性能强。

根据智利建筑行业相关机构评估,智利5层以上建筑中,超过90%的房屋能抗9级地震。1985年至2010年,智利建造了约1万幢高层建筑,其中99%毫发无损地经受住了2010年8.8级地震考验。

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