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随笔:拿什么纪念你,不幸的犀牛!

2017-09-22 14:22:02   新华网

新华社开普敦9月21日电  随笔:拿什么纪念你,不幸的犀牛

新华社记者高原

9月22日是“世界犀牛日”。然而,人类在纪念这个日子的时候心情却异常沉重,因为越来越多的犀牛已经或正在被杀戮。人们担心,或许用不了多久,犀牛将从地球彻底消失。

根据南非环保组织21日公布的数据,在过去10年里,南非已有超过6000头犀牛被猎杀,目前南非现存的犀牛已不到2万头。

南非曾被认为是地球上最后一块“犀牛的乐园”,因为全球的犀牛中有80%以上生活在南非。然而不幸的是,南非也因此成为全球最大的“犀牛屠宰场”。

犀牛被大肆猎杀主要是因为犀牛角被认为有神奇的药用价值,并可用来制作显示身份的工艺品。

据非洲荒野基金会首席运营官马修·诺弗尔透露,该组织经过多年跟踪调查发现,在被偷猎的犀牛角中,90%被非法运到越南,那里是目前世界上最大的犀牛角黑市。

越南也曾有大量犀牛,但大肆猎杀早就致使那里的犀牛绝迹,于是偷猎者将魔爪伸向南非。

诺弗尔说,偷猎者的手法变化多端,过去是用麻药针将犀牛麻倒,然后将犀牛角割下;现在则直接用AK47冲锋枪将犀牛甚至是成群的犀牛直接射杀,甚至连没有长角的小犀牛也不放过。不仅如此,猎杀犀牛已从个人行为发展为有组织犯罪。

南非警方提供的证据表明,参与偷猎犀牛的国际犯罪组织资金雄厚,遍布世界,使用的是极其先进的武器。而且,这些犯罪组织出高价收买当地居民,引诱他们参与猎杀犀牛。这种内外勾结增加了破案的难度。

十多年前,南非鲜见犀牛被猎杀。从2006年开始,犀牛的厄运开始降临,当年有13头犀牛被猎杀。以后每年被猎杀的犀牛数迅猛增长,连续8年创历史新高。到2014年,被猎杀的犀牛为1215头,达到有记录以来的最高值。2015年,南非共有1175头犀牛被猎杀,比2014年减少了40头,这是10年来犀牛被猎杀的数字首次下降。

但南非政府迄今没有公布2016年被猎杀的犀牛数字。环保人士认为,其中原因可能有两个:一是数字没有收集全;二是被猎杀的数字可能过于惊人,不宜于公布。

南非环境部长莫莱瓦警告,由于犀牛种群繁育较慢,如果不采取更有效的保护措施,南非的犀牛有可能在2026年前灭绝。

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