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断章取义只会欲盖弥彰
——评日本政府关于钓鱼岛的年度委托调查报告
刘江永(清华大学国际关系研究院教授)
日本内阁官房网站于今年5月用日文和英文公布了上年度《关于尖阁诸岛(钓鱼岛列岛)资料调查报告》。这是自2015年以来日本政府第三次发表的委托调查报告。该报告内容虽不代表日本政府见解,但经由日本内阁官房授意完成,并得到其认可后发布。
2015年12月4日,“钓鱼岛历史与主权”主题展览在山东青岛举行。光明图片/视觉中国
与前两次报告相比,该报告同样没能拿出任何证据证明钓鱼岛是日本固有领土,所不同的是该报告出现了更为荒谬的说法。其中最令日本内阁官房“如获至宝”的新史料是,琉球王族向鸿基在《向氏家谱》中的一段记载。这一史料记载了向鸿基作为琉球使者,于1819年阴历8月27日赴日本的萨摩藩(鹿儿岛),在海上遭遇风暴,风帆受损,漂至琉球国以外海域并迷失方向。9月18日该船漂至一不知岛名的无人岛,事后才听说该岛在琉球俗称“鱼根久场岛”。向鸿基在该岛屿岸边停泊并未找到泉涌,在岸边候风三日后又遇风暴,于9月24日被吹至与那国岛方得知该岛属于琉球国,于是才下船登岸。
然而,日本内阁官房委托调查报告的起草人则擅自解释为,“无论如何,既然在尖阁诸岛(钓鱼岛列岛)找水三天,大体可以肯定地说,当时登陆了。这比1845年英国人登陆早26年,作为最古老的登陆记录,没有疑义。向鸿基是琉球王族,这堪称是王族最古老的正式登岛调查。” 这里,该报告竟然把向鸿基被风暴吹至海上一无人岛避风描述为琉球官方对钓鱼岛正式的登岛考察,并诡称从史料看,“尖阁诸岛(钓鱼岛列岛)分明是日本固有领土。”这纯属捏造史实的诡辩。
《向氏家谱》原文是用中文写成。向鸿基在其中写道,他在海上遭遇风暴后,曾经连续七天七夜烧香祈祷天尊保佑平安回国。“翌日又望天尊祈曰,平安回国即还愿日。终夜烧香至(九月)十七日,天气方晴,看得高山,犹不知地名(后闻此山俗呼‘鱼根久场岛’也)。十八日驶到该山下湾泊,欲汲用水,并无泉涌。一连三日彼处候风。忽然暴风大作,所抛索尽被海浪磨断。船只随风漂荡海洋,船上人数频求神佑。幸至二十三日又远看高山。二十四日渐近其山。只看山上有一个人(此人八重山岛奉公人安里仁屋也),举手招船。又有五六人摇旗示港。即令船人高声问其地名。答曰与那国岛(此时安里仁屋率同村人五六名,坐驾杉板来告该处地名),于是方知本国属岛,下船登岸,投宿村家……”。
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