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英媒:中国将来会击败西方夺取机器人控制权吗

2017-09-18 07:11:46   中国网

英国《泰晤士报》网站9月14日刊登埃德·康韦的署名文章《中国将来会击败西方,夺取机器人的控制权吗?》称,在评论员们为世界拉开新一轮霸权争夺战惊慌失措之际,这种争夺战并没有明显的拉开迹象。

文章称,一家大型农业公司吞并了它的一个对手,一般来说,这种事情根本算不上头条新闻。然而,美国的约翰·迪尔拖拉机公司收购蓝河科技公司却成了上周几乎最令人感兴趣的消息。

蓝河科技公司的龙头产品是“生菜机器人”——这是一种拖曳设备,挂在拖拉机的后面,就像犁地一样驶过一垄垄作物。利用摄像头和人工智能,“生菜机器人”扫描经过的每一株植物,判断是否是杂草,如果是杂草则向其喷洒高浓度化学剂,但不会让作物沾上一点化学剂。

在慢吞吞的耕作领域,这算得上一场革命了。数十年来,多数农耕活动靠的是农民对农田不加区分地喷洒农药,以此提高产量。这种做法与理想相去甚远,除非尊驾是灭草剂生产商:农民不得不花费大笔钱来购买化学制剂,消费者不想食用喷过农药的蔬菜,这还没有算上环境危害,因此2011年才成立的蓝河科技公司没用几年时间就占到了全美国生菜产量的1/10。

文章称,这笔收购凸显的模式远远不止是影响美国人所吃的沙拉。约翰·迪尔拖拉机公司再也不是纯粹的农业公司了:从某些方面来说它现在还是一家人工智能公司。早晚有一天,人们可以把这句话套在几乎任何一家公司、甚至任何一个人身上。

实际上,这个过程已经开启。本周苹果公司推出新机型iPhone X,其中最引人瞩目的不是它的新屏幕或者新设计,而是里面装着的所谓的仿生芯片。以前,人工智能的重头任务几乎都是在线上完成的——人们对着手机发号施令,手机把声音传给iCloud计算服务,处理完毕后把答案传回——但是苹果的新处理器可以自行进行一定程度的机器学习,在人们的口袋中就可以完成,这样的iPhone正逐渐向机器人过渡。

传统计算机遵循的是人工编制的算法,但是,人工智能的核心是计算机自己给自己编制算法。换句话说,人们给它输入的数据越多,它就变得越聪明。“生菜机器人”扫描的生菜数量越多,它对生菜的识别能力就越强;人们向Siri提的问题越多,Siri的回答质量就越高。正是这种几何级性质使得机器学习既让人兴奋,又让人害怕。

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