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日落条款多此一举 墨外长无惧自贸协定终结

2017-09-17 07:36:41   新华网

更新北美自贸协定的谈判如今进入攻坚阶段。墨西哥外交部长路易斯·比德加赖15日指出,即便这份自贸协定被终止,墨美贸易往来也不会结束。

他还说,美方提出给自贸协定添加5年后自动终止的“日落条款”,这一想法完全没有必要。

  【无惧终结】

北美自贸协定1994年生效,缔约方为美国、加拿大和墨西哥,旨在方便小企业跨境贸易。唐纳德·特朗普自竞选美国总统开始就多次批评北美自贸协定导致美国制造业岗位流失到墨西哥。今年8月,美、墨、加三国开始重谈这一协定,协商出现严重分歧,令连通美、加、墨三国经济23年之久的北美自贸区前途未卜。

墨西哥外长比德加赖说,现阶段,大约一半的墨美贸易没有经由北美自贸协定展开,“一旦谈判进展不顺利,也不会是墨美贸易的末日……不会一下子跌入深渊”。

他说,一旦北美自贸协定终止,世贸组织设定的关税将发挥作用。

比德加赖还说,墨西哥届时将提高对美国产品征收的进口关税,从美国亚利桑那州出口至墨西哥的苹果将被征收50%的关税。

他警告,一旦特朗普为撕毁北美自贸协定启动180天倒计时,墨方将直接退出相关谈判。

这并不是墨方第一次就重谈北美自贸协定表明强硬态度。今年2月底和3月下旬,比德加赖就曾发表过类似“退出”言论。

本月5日,重谈北美自贸协定的第二轮谈判结束,美、墨、加代表在劳工权利、贸易赤字等关键棘手问题上仍未取得实质进展,谈判留下诸多疑虑。第三轮谈判定于23日至27日在加拿大首都渥太华举行。

  【多此一举】

美国商务部长威尔伯·罗斯14日说,美方打算为北美自贸协定添加一个5年期的“日落条款”,换句话说,如果不予更新,这份自贸协定将于5年到期后自动终止。

按罗斯的话说,1994年北美自贸协定生效时,美方对它能给美国出口贸易和就业带来增长的预期“太过乐观”,但随后发现现实与预期相差较远。而“日落条款”是为了给北美自贸协定添加一个“定期、系统性的重新审查机制”。

对此,比德加赖说,“日落条款”完全没有必要,因为协定方可以随时退出,且相关重商过程已经启动。况且,墨西哥和加拿大的谈判人员也没有收到有关“日落条款”的正式讨论方案。

为了减少对美贸易的依赖,墨西哥方面正在积极拓展与欧盟、巴西、以色列、新加坡、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家和地区的贸易。(杜鹃)(新华社专特稿)

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